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Why is somatic recombination necessary for the development and function of both B-cells and T-cells in the immune system?
Somatic recombination is necessary for B-cells and T-cells in the immune system because it allows for the generation of a diverse range of antigen receptors. This diversity is crucial for recognizing and responding to a wide variety of pathogens, ensuring an effective immune response.
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How does a somatic mutation in a gene alter the function of a cell?
A somatic mutation in a gene can alter the function of a cell by changing the instructions encoded in the gene, leading to abnormal protein production or function. This can disrupt normal cellular processes and potentially contribute to diseases like cancer.
Why is it necessary for the germ line to become separated at such an early stage of development?
Separating the germ line early ensures that only germ cells contribute to the formation of the next generation while somatic cells make up the rest of the body. This helps maintain the integrity of genetic information passed on to offspring and prevents the transmission of mutations or acquired changes from somatic cells to future generations. Additionally, early separation allows germ cells to develop independently and specialize for their reproductive function.
Body cells can be called?
Somatic cell.
Cells that do not produce gametes are called?
In humans, cells that do not produce gametes are collectively called somatic cells. Somatic cells do not include sperm and ova, the cells from which they are made, and undifferentiated stem cells.
A somatic cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called?
A somatic cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes is typically referred to as aneuploid. This means it has an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can lead to genetic disorders or abnormalities in development.
What does somatic recombination mean?
Somatic recombination is the method by which functional antibody genes are created. It involves the rearrangement of many gene segments that code for the heavy and light chain proteins of immunoglobulins, and it only occurs in lymphocytes.
What does recombination mean?
Somatic recombination is the method by which functional antibody genes are created. It involves the rearrangement of many gene segments that code for the heavy and light chain proteins of immunoglobulins, and it only occurs in lymphocytes.
Why auxin is removed from medium in somatic embryogenesis?
It is a general statement that auxins having the capacity to induce the somatic embryos. If the medium contains the auxins, then the induced somatic embryos undergoes proliferation, instead of differentiation and furthur development. Hence, it is necessary to remove the auxins before going for histodifferentiation and maturation.
In sensory function sensation may be described as?
In sensory function, sensation may be described as somatic. The somatic sensory system incorporates the sensations of heat, cold, touch and pain.
What does somatic cell tell us?
they determine the growth and development
What is the function for somatic division?
controls voluntary actions-activities you can choose to do or not to do.
What is the Retardation of sexual development relative to somatic development?
Retardation of sexual development relative to somatic development refers to a condition where an individual's sexual maturation is delayed compared to their overall physical growth and development. This can occur in various medical or genetic conditions, leading to a disparity where somatic traits, such as height and body composition, progress normally while sexual characteristics, including the development of reproductive organs and secondary sexual features, lag behind. This phenomenon can impact reproductive health and psychosocial development, necessitating medical evaluation and intervention.
How does a somatic mutation in a gene alter the function of a cell?
A somatic mutation in a gene can alter the function of a cell by changing the instructions encoded in the gene, leading to abnormal protein production or function. This can disrupt normal cellular processes and potentially contribute to diseases like cancer.
Is a liver cell a somatic cell?
Yes, a liver cell is a type of somatic cell. Somatic cells are any cell in the body that is not a sperm or egg cell. Liver cells are an example of somatic cells because they make up the majority of the cells in the liver and are responsible for the organ's function.
What are some somatic gene disorders?
Some examples of somatic gene disorders include cancer (mutations in somatic cells leading to uncontrolled cell growth), cardiovascular diseases (genetic alterations affecting heart function), and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, caused by mutations in somatic cells).
How do immunoglobulin genes code for a seemingly infinite variety of antibodies?
Immunoglobulin genes undergo gene recombination and somatic hypermutation processes during B cell development. This leads to the generation of a diverse repertoire of antibodies with unique antigen-binding specificities. Additionally, the combination of different heavy and light chain gene segments contributes to the vast diversity of antibodies that can be produced.
What accounts for the huge variety and specificity of immunoglobulins?
The vast diversity and specificity of immunoglobulins, or antibodies, arise primarily from a process called somatic recombination during B cell development. This process allows for the rearrangement of gene segments that encode the variable regions of antibodies, generating a unique receptor for each B cell. Additionally, mechanisms such as somatic hypermutation and class switching further enhance the specificity and functionality of immunoglobulins in response to different antigens. Together, these processes enable the immune system to recognize and respond to a wide array of pathogens.
