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What happens when the reflux is increased in a distillation column?
When more overhead liquid product is refluxed in a distillation column the liquid rate in the column increases. This may or may not be an optimal change in the column. Too little reflux will not have the proper vapor-liquid contact to promote separation and the overhead product will may meet the desired concentration specification. Too much reflux will flood the column and lead to wasted energy and cooling utilities associated with condensing more vapor than necessary. On a McCabe Thiele diagram for a binary distillation, increasing the reflux will decrease the slope of the stripping operating line. Typically the optimum reflux ratio (overhead product sent back to the column divided by distillate removed) is the theoretical minimum reflux ratio multiplied by a factor of 1.2-1.5.
What is the minimum percent of oxygen needed to continue combustion?
15%
Wall plate thickness of LPG cylinder?
minimum wall thickness of cylinder of water capacity 33.3 liter is 2.5 mm
How do you Calculate of cement thickness for cement lined pipes?
To calculate the cement thickness for cement-lined pipes, you first need to determine the pipe's diameter and the required cement lining thickness based on design specifications or standards. The typical formula is to consider the internal diameter of the pipe and subtract the desired thickness from it, ensuring that the cement layer meets or exceeds minimum thickness requirements for durability and corrosion resistance. Additionally, account for factors like pressure, temperature, and the specific application of the pipe to finalize the thickness. It's advisable to consult relevant engineering standards or guidelines for precise calculations.
What is the inlet pressure of a condensate tank?
It can be at any pressure less than the main steam pressure. I've operated steam systems with condensate tanks at widely varying pressures. The pressure a condensate tank, (which condenses some steam, but typically takes returns from steam traps) is wholly dependent on the system is installed in. Some heating system condensate tanks are designed to handle no more than 30 psig (minimum design requirement) yet take condensate at 1 or 2 psi from the steam traps. Other high pressure production lines operating at 50 - 100 psig could discharge to a tank at 50 - 100 psi, though the actual pressure would be reduced by the length of pipe transferring it to the tank. And the highest pressure I've operated a condensate system at was 600 psig, the steam system drew the steam for process from an extraction stage on the turbine at nominally 600 psi, though at low loads it was typically a much lower pressure.
What it the minimum overhead clearance required above a basketball court?
7m
What happens when the reflux is increased in a distillation column?
When more overhead liquid product is refluxed in a distillation column the liquid rate in the column increases. This may or may not be an optimal change in the column. Too little reflux will not have the proper vapor-liquid contact to promote separation and the overhead product will may meet the desired concentration specification. Too much reflux will flood the column and lead to wasted energy and cooling utilities associated with condensing more vapor than necessary. On a McCabe Thiele diagram for a binary distillation, increasing the reflux will decrease the slope of the stripping operating line. Typically the optimum reflux ratio (overhead product sent back to the column divided by distillate removed) is the theoretical minimum reflux ratio multiplied by a factor of 1.2-1.5.
What is purpose of factory overhead applied and how this information can use by the cost accountant in minimum the cost of the product?
Factory overhead is what it costs to run the factory. The cost accountant can look at the cost of overhead to find ways to minimize it, resulting in the cost of the product being lower.
Using minimum amount of energy suggest methods to converte sea water into drinking water?
well it is not gonna be cheap and it must use much energy. distillation seems the best way
Where do QuikTrip and Racetrak get the gasoline they sell?
Refineries sell the fuel they produce to bulk suppliers of fuel. Oil from gas stations of companies that do not own refineries is bought from these bulk suppliers. Even oil sold at branded gas stations may come from bulk suppliers of fuel. The difference in brands of gasoline are often only in the additive package, which is a small amount of fuel additives. Each of the major oil companies has its own formulation of the additive package, although it is important to note that the EPA mandates a minimum level of fuel additives. Generic brand gasoline simply uses a generic additive package which meets the EPA's minimum requirements.
In the IP Protocol What is the header overhead?
Internet Protocol, or IP, puts a header on every packet that it sounds out. This header is the overhead. All protocols, such as TCP or UDP, will put a header on the packet. The IP header contains information such as source IP address and destination IP address and is used by routers to figure out where to send the packet. ex. you send your friend a 1kb file, but it takes up 1.5kb of bandwidth due to overhead
Why don't the hydrocarbon molecules breakdown into hydrogen and carbon atoms when they are heated during fractional distillation?
Hydrocarbons do not break down into their elements when fractionally distilled because the minimum energy necessary for separating the hydrocarbons into their elements is not available from the thermal energy needed to perform fractional distillation.
What determines the minimum distance that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from overhead electricity lines and why?
The minimum distance that any part of plant and machinery must be kept from overhead electricity lines is determined by safety regulations and standards issued by electricity regulatory authorities. This distance is critical to prevent accidents such as electrocutions, fires, and equipment damage due to contact with live electrical lines. Adhering to these regulations helps ensure the safety of workers, prevent power outages, and minimize liability risks for companies.
What is the voltage of British rail overhead lines?
On the main railway network, overhead lines use 25kV AC. In the past, some lines used 1500V dc overhead and 6.25kV ac overhead as well, but these have all been closed or converted. Tram and light rail systems use other systems.
Definition of cottage enterprise?
A cottage enterprise is a small business that makes only one type of product or has one type of service. Cottage industries usually occupy space in a person's home where overhead costs are at a minimum.
What is a distillation disadvantage of fractional distillation?
One of the main sources of all types of energy is from sun.. The sources like fossil fuels, etc r gonna sure disappear some years later.. also its utilisation now also creates serious impact on life of human beings...u can c in many places were its temperature is hike... so installation of other devices for purification s a hard tiring process. so the better option s to use the available source for the purification process will be a good one. so its a advantage...
What is the difference between zeotropic and near-azeotropic?
zeotrope is a liquid mixture that shows no local maximum or minimum when vapour pressure is plotted as a function of composition.[1] Such a mixture is separable into its component parts by fractional distillation azeotropic distillation[1] is any of a range of techniques used to break an azeotrope in distillation. In chemical engineering, azeotropic distillation usually refers to the specific technique of adding another component to generate a new, lower-boiling azeotrope that is heterogeneous (e.g. producing two, immiscible liquid phases), such as the example below with the addition of benzene to water and ethanol. This practice of adding an entrainer which forms a separate phase is a specific sub-set of (industrial) azeotropic distillation methods, or combination thereof. In some senses, adding an entrainer is similar to extractive distillation.
