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What is a sugar phosphate backbone?
A sugar phosphate backbone is a structural component of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. It consists of alternating sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) and phosphate groups that are connected by covalent bonds, providing stability to the nucleic acid molecule. The nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine in DNA; adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine in RNA) are attached to the sugar moiety in the backbone.
Which type(s) of RNA is (are) involved in protein synthesis?
The three main types of RNA directly involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). The mRNA carries the message from the DNA, which controls all of the cellular activities in a cell. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, tRNA and rRNA are encoded in the DNA, then copied into long RNA molecules that are cut to release smaller fragments containing the individual mature RNA species.
With what does guanine pair in RNA?
Guanine pairs with cytosine in RNA.
Does RNA contain phosphoric acid?
Yes, RNA contains phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid molecules link together to form the backbone of the RNA molecule, connecting the individual nucleotide building blocks. This backbone is crucial for the stability and structure of RNA molecules.
The molecule that contains an anticodon is?
transfer RNA or tRNA
What is the process called which removes introns from RNA?
RNA splicing
What is the difference between snRNA and snRNP, and how do they function in the process of RNA splicing?
snRNA stands for small nuclear RNA, which is a type of RNA molecule involved in RNA splicing. snRNAs are components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), which are complexes of snRNA and proteins. snRNPs function in the splicing of pre-mRNA by recognizing specific sequences at splice sites and catalyzing the removal of introns from the pre-mRNA molecule. In summary, snRNA is the RNA molecule, while snRNP is the complex of snRNA and proteins that function in RNA splicing.
Difference between protein splicing and RNA splicing?
Protein splicing involves the excision of intervening peptide sequences called inteins from a precursor protein to produce the final functional protein, while RNA splicing involves removing introns and joining exons in pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA. Protein splicing occurs post-translationally in the protein after translation, while RNA splicing occurs co-transcriptionally during mRNA processing.
Are exons or introns spliced out during the process of RNA splicing?
During the process of RNA splicing, introns are spliced out, while exons are joined together to form the mature mRNA molecule.
How do introns and exons relate to RNA splicing?
Before the RNA leaves the nucleus, the introns are removed and the exons are joined together, producing an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence. This process is called RNA splicing.
How is trna produced?
like all other RNA, by translation of DNA into a pre-RNA, the processing (eg. splicing)
What is self splicing?
Self-splicing is a process in which certain RNA molecules can remove their own introns without the need for proteins or enzymes. This occurs in some RNA molecules known as ribozymes. Self-splicing can involve a variety of mechanisms, such as transesterification reactions, to excise unwanted regions of the RNA molecule.
What are the kinds and functions of RNA molecule?
its function is to link amino acids during protein synthesis, and in a variety of RNA processing reactions, including RNA splicing, viral replication, and transfer RNA biosynthesis.
Does splicing occur during transcription?
No, splicing does not occur during transcription. Splicing is a process that happens after transcription, where non-coding regions of the RNA molecule are removed and the coding regions are joined together to form the final mRNA molecule.
What might be an advantage of RNA splicing?
the spliced exons are rejoined together and form a smaller mRNA.
What types of molecules catalyze RNA splicing?
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are the main group of molecules that catalyze RNA splicing. These snRNPs consist of both RNA and protein components, and they play a crucial role in the spliceosome complex, which is responsible for catalyzing the removal of introns and joining of exons during pre-mRNA processing.
What is the function of snRNA?
snRNA (small nuclear RNA) is involved in RNA splicing, a process in which introns are removed from pre-mRNA molecules, and exons are joined together to produce the final mRNA transcript. snRNAs combine with protein factors to form small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that recognize specific sequences at the splice sites and facilitate the splicing process.
