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As expected from Inductive(/hypercojugative) as well as ortho effect the basicity order should be: ortho-toluidine>para-toluidine>meta-toluidine. But, experimental order is: para-toluidine(Pka=5.12)>meta-toluidine(Pka=4.69)>ortho-toluidine(Pka=4.39).
The order of basicity is explained by two opposing effects :i) inductive effect ii) Stability of the conjugate base. Here 2nd factor is more significant for ortho-toluidine & 1st factor is important for para-toluidine. For ortho-toluidine the conjugate base [o-MeC6H4NH3+] is destabilized by steric interaction between -NH3+ & -Me(at ortho). This desatabilization is absent with para-toluidine & meta-toluidine.Tha's why basicity of: ortho-toluidine(Pka=4.39)< para & meta isomer.On the other hand,in meta toluidine only +I of Me is operative whereas in para-toludine both hypercojugative & +I of Me is operative, that's why basicity of: para-toluidine(Pka=5.12)>meta-toluidine(Pka=4.69).
What else can I help you with?
How can one determine constitutional isomers?
Constitutional isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms. To determine constitutional isomers, compare the arrangement of atoms in the molecules and look for differences in how the atoms are bonded together. If the connectivity of atoms is different, the molecules are constitutional isomers.
Why o-toluidine method cannot be used for the detection of fructose in a solution?
The o-toluidine method is specific to detecting glucose because o-toluidine reacts specifically with aldehyde functional groups on glucose molecules. Fructose does not have an aldehyde functional group, so it will not react with o-toluidine in the same way as glucose, making this method ineffective for detecting fructose in a solution.
Is p-toluidine a solid or a liquid at room temperature?
Para toluidine appears as white lustrous plates or leaflets with an amine odour at room temperature. It melts at 430C.
What is the basicity of HCL?
HCl is an acid, so it does not possess basicity but rather acidity. Its basicity is 0.
Is o-toluidine soluble in NaOH?
no it is not. the molecule does not react with the (polar) water molecule, and when NaOH is added the Na and OH dont react with NH2 either (a major functional group on the toluidine molecule) it is not soluble in water either, but when acid is added the NH2 group becomes NH3 and (due to its ionic nature) dissolves.
How can one determine constitutional isomers?
Constitutional isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms. To determine constitutional isomers, compare the arrangement of atoms in the molecules and look for differences in how the atoms are bonded together. If the connectivity of atoms is different, the molecules are constitutional isomers.
Why o-toluidine method cannot be used for the detection of fructose in a solution?
The o-toluidine method is specific to detecting glucose because o-toluidine reacts specifically with aldehyde functional groups on glucose molecules. Fructose does not have an aldehyde functional group, so it will not react with o-toluidine in the same way as glucose, making this method ineffective for detecting fructose in a solution.
Why you use o-toluidine for glucose estimation?
In the presence of heat and acetic acid, ortho-toluidine (also called o-toluidine) reacts rapidly with aldohexoses (mostly glucose) to form a green-colored complex that can be measured at 630 nm.
What is the sensitivity and specificity of ortho toluidine test?
A
Is p-toluidine a solid or a liquid at room temperature?
Para toluidine appears as white lustrous plates or leaflets with an amine odour at room temperature. It melts at 430C.
What is the basicity of HCL?
HCl is an acid, so it does not possess basicity but rather acidity. Its basicity is 0.
How many isomers nonane have?
Nonane has a total of 75 isomers, which includes straight chain isomers, branched chain isomers, and cyclic isomers.
Is o-toluidine soluble in NaOH?
no it is not. the molecule does not react with the (polar) water molecule, and when NaOH is added the Na and OH dont react with NH2 either (a major functional group on the toluidine molecule) it is not soluble in water either, but when acid is added the NH2 group becomes NH3 and (due to its ionic nature) dissolves.
Why don't we simply oxidize p-toluidine with KMnO4?
Oxidizing p-toluidine with KMnO4 may not be effective because p-toluidine is a primary aromatic amine, which can form a stable complex with KMnO4 and hinder the oxidation process. Additionally, the reaction may lead to side products or incomplete oxidation due to the complex formation.
Is p-toluidine acidic or basic?
P-toluidine is a weakly basic compound due to the presence of an amino group. In solution, it can accept protons to form a positively charged species, making it basic.
How do you determine basicity?
Measuring the pH it is possible to evaluate the basicity of a solution.
What is Toluidine used for?
Toluidine is used in the manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals. It can also be used as an intermediate in the production of synthetic resins and rubber chemicals.
