0
Acidic Conditions:
Begin by protonating the oxygen in the carbonyl group, in the next step you can add water to the activated nucleophile to make the tetrahedral intermediate. The rest of the reaction are acid base reactions to maintain an acidic equilibrium and end up the ammonium as the acid catalyst.
Basic Conditions:
You may begin by adding the hydroxyl group to the carbonyl carbon and then protonating the now negative oxygen from the previous alkene with the proton left over by the hydroxyl group (originally it was water). You need to dissociate your tetrahedral intermediate by protonating the amide and then pushing it out when you take the proton by the oxygen pushing the electrons to make a double bond to form the carbonyl group and push out the NH3. In the end base deprotonates the carboxylic acid and you wind up with ammonium. The main key is equilibrium, you end up with a negative charged ion at the end because you maintain a negative charge in a basic mechanism.
What else can I help you with?
What is the mechanism of hydrolysis of amides in basic conditions?
In basic conditions, amides undergo hydrolysis through a nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ions on the carbonyl carbon of the amide bond. This leads to the formation of a carboxylate ion and an amine.
What is the key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry?
The key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry is that amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms, while amides contain a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl carbon atom.
Is asparagine acidic?
Asparagine is classified as a neutral amino acid, not acidic. Its side chain contains an amide group, which is neutral in nature.
What is the meaning of amide bonds?
Chemists generally refer to it as an amide. Strictly speaking, it's a peptide linkage when it links two peptide residues, and "amide" is the more general form, but in casual usage the two are essentially interchangeable and which you tend to use depends on whether you got there from the chemistry or biology side of things.
Is the nature of the amide is acid or base or neutral?
Amides are considered neutral compounds. They do not exhibit acidic or basic properties like other functional groups such as carboxylic acids or amines.
If an amide produced ammonia upon hydrolysis what would you conclude regarding the structure of the amide?
that the amide is a deprotonated form of ammonia.
How a tenderizer work with the hydrolysis of the amide bonds?
A tenderizer works by breaking down the proteins in meat into smaller molecules through the process of hydrolysis. The amide bonds, which are found in the protein molecules, are broken by enzymes present in the tenderizer. This process weakens the protein structure, making the meat more tender to eat.
What is the mechanism of hydrolysis of amides in basic conditions?
In basic conditions, amides undergo hydrolysis through a nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ions on the carbonyl carbon of the amide bond. This leads to the formation of a carboxylate ion and an amine.
What is the key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry?
The key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry is that amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms, while amides contain a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl carbon atom.
Is asparagine acidic?
Asparagine is classified as a neutral amino acid, not acidic. Its side chain contains an amide group, which is neutral in nature.
What is the meaning of amide bonds?
Chemists generally refer to it as an amide. Strictly speaking, it's a peptide linkage when it links two peptide residues, and "amide" is the more general form, but in casual usage the two are essentially interchangeable and which you tend to use depends on whether you got there from the chemistry or biology side of things.
What is the difference between Poly-amine paint and Poly-amide paint?
Poly-amines are more durable, poly-amides are more resistant to moisture.
Is the nature of the amide is acid or base or neutral?
Amides are considered neutral compounds. They do not exhibit acidic or basic properties like other functional groups such as carboxylic acids or amines.
What is the key difference between an amine and an amide in terms of their chemical structures and properties?
The key difference between an amine and an amide is in their chemical structure. Amines have a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms, while amides have a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group (CO). This structural difference leads to differences in their properties, with amines typically being more basic and amides being more stable and less basic.
Is amide soluble in cold hydrochloric acid?
Amides are typically not soluble in cold hydrochloric acid due to their non-polar nature. The acidic conditions of hydrochloric acid can protonate the amide bond, making it less soluble in water. Heating may be required to promote solubility by breaking down the amide bonds.
What is the base hydrolysis of piperine?
The base hydrolysis of piperine involves the cleavage of the amide bond in piperine's structure, leading to the formation of piperinic acid and piperidine. This reaction is facilitated by the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide.
In dilantin sodium why is the imide proton abstracted rather than the amide proton?
If a proton on N between two C=O's is removed by a base, one can draw two resonance structures, one involving each C=O, to stabilize the resulting anion. However, with an amide, there is only one C=O and when the H is removed, only one resonance structure can be drawn. As a result, the amide H is less acidic than the imide H.
