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A complete answer to this question would fill a bookshelf. In fact, it takes a shelf full of publications by an international organization called the IUPAC. Any quick subset of the rules is bound to suffer from oversimplifications, omissions, and probably some outright inaccuracies. But let's give it a shot anyway!
First consider the basic -suffixes:
- INORGANIC
- -ide = salts comprised of only two elements;
- -ate, -ite = compounds containing a (usually metal) cation ion and a complex anion (usually involving oxygen);
- Also -per-(something)-ate and -hypo-(something)-ite
- hydro-(something)-ic = acids comprised of only hydrogen and some other element
- -ic, -ous (anions) = acids containing hydrogen a complex anion (usually involving axygen);
- Also -per-(something)-ic and -hypo-(something)-ous
- -ic, -ous (cations) = one of two ionic states of an element, outdated, but still often seen;
- ORGANIC
- -ane = hydrocarbons [HC] with single C-C bonds;
- -ene = an hydrocarbon with C=C double bond;
- -yne = a hydrocarbon with C=C triple bond;
- -amine = contains nitrogen and an ammonia-like" structure;
- -ol = an alcohol
- -ose = a sugar;
- -ase = an enzyme;
- -al = aldehydes;
- -one = ketones;
Before naming a compound, you have to figure out what kind of compound it is.
We will consider three types; ionic compounds without and with transition elements, and covalent compounds.
The transition elements are found in the B families of the Periodic Table. They are characterized by inner building - the "last" electron added by the aufbau procedure is an inner d electron. Electrons from the two outermost shells are used in chemical reactions. All these elements are metals; most of them are paramagnetic and form highly coloured, paramagnetic compounds. Inner transition elements also exist, they are found at the bottom of the Periodic Table but should properly follow group III B.
Another suffix is -ol, referring to any type of alcohol - methanol, ethanol, derived from methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) - methanol is CH3OH while ethanol is C2H5OH.
Moving into biochemistry:
The suffices -in and -one refer to Hormones - eg insulin and testosterone.
The word roots 'lipo' and 'lipi' refer to fats.
What else can I help you with?
Are Ionic compounds named using numerical prefixes?
No, Ionic compounds are named using the names of the individual ions that make up the compound. Numerical prefixes are used in naming molecular covalent compounds.
How do ionic and molecular compounds differ in physical properties?
Ionic compounds have higher melting and boiling points than molecular compounds due to the strong electrostatic forces between ions. Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature, while molecular compounds can be solid, liquid, or gas. Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water, while molecular compounds do not.
Are covalent molecular compounds ductile?
No, covalent molecular compounds are typically not ductile because they are made up of individual molecules held together by covalent bonds. These compounds have a molecular structure that does not allow for the same type of malleability or flexibility as metallic or ionic compounds.
What is the difference between molecular compounds and molecular element?
Molecular compounds are made up of multiple different elements bonded together, while molecular elements are made up of the same type of element bonded together. Molecular compounds have multiple types of atoms, while molecular elements have only one type of atom.
What are the difference in conductivity between ionic and molecular compounds?
Ionic compounds typically have higher conductivity than molecular compounds because ionic compounds dissociate into ions in solution, allowing for the flow of electric current. Molecular compounds, on the other hand, do not dissociate into ions in solution and therefore exhibit lower conductivity.
Are cycloalkanes binary molecular compound?
No, cycloalkanes are not binary molecular compounds. They are a type of organic compound and are named differently.
Are Ionic compounds named using numerical prefixes?
No, Ionic compounds are named using the names of the individual ions that make up the compound. Numerical prefixes are used in naming molecular covalent compounds.
What is the relationship between prefixes and molecular compounds?
the relationship between prefixes and molecular compounds is that, prefix are used to name molecular compounds.
How do molecular compounds bond?
When molecular compounds bond, they share electrons.
Why is it that only molecular compounds can have a molecular formula?
Because there are no compounds that aren't molecules/molecular. The question as posed is nonsense. Rephrase?
Are molecular compounds formed from semimetals?
Yes, molecular compounds can be formed from semimetals. These compounds result from the bonding of semimetal atoms to form molecules, often through sharing electrons in covalent bonds. Examples of molecular compounds with semimetals include carbon monoxide (CO) and boron trifluoride (BF3).
How are atom arranged in molecular compounds?
Atoms are arranged in molecular compounds in groups.
How are the properties of molecular compounds different from those of ionic cmpounds?
Molecular (covalent) compounds are not dissociated in water.
How do ionic and molecular compounds differ in physical properties?
Ionic compounds have higher melting and boiling points than molecular compounds due to the strong electrostatic forces between ions. Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature, while molecular compounds can be solid, liquid, or gas. Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water, while molecular compounds do not.
Are molecular compounds made up of metals or nonmetals?
Molecular compounds are typically made up of nonmetals. Metals tend to form ionic compounds with nonmetals, whereas nonmetals tend to share electrons with other nonmetals, resulting in the formation of molecular compounds through covalent bonding.
How do you differentiate simple molecular compounds and giant molecular compounds?
Simple molecular compounds have discrete molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces, while giant molecular compounds have repeating units bonded together by strong covalent bonds. Simple molecular compounds typically have low melting and boiling points and are often gases or liquids at room temperature, while giant molecular compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points and are usually solids at room temperature.
Are carbohydrates molecular compounds?
no
