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You can find the calculation from this paper,

D.E. Willis (1972). Internal Standard Method Calculations, Chromatographia 5, Springerlink.

Answer

According to the Southeast Missouri State University website (refer to the link, below):

"The internal standard method is an additional method to account

for some analytical errors in the measurement.

An internal standard is added to all known and unknown solutions.

The analyte of interest is measured along with the internal standard

and the ratio of signals is plotted as in the calibration curve method."

When you calibrate something using an internal standard, you spike a known quantity of "standard" into your samples and use that to create a reference in your tests.

You know how much "standard" is in your sample, so you can match up a result with that known concentration.

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