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What is hydrogen bonding and what effect does it have on water?
Hydrogen bonding is a weak electrostatic attraction between a covalently bonded H on one atom with an electronegative atom in another molecule. In water this is a bond between the H of one H2O molecule and the O of another. The effects are remarkable. Boiling point and melting point are much higher than you'd expect (compare H2S) the density of ice is lower than that of liquid water.
What would be the effect on properties of water molecule if oxygen and hydrogen had equal electronegativity?
The attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond is called its electronegativity. If oxygen and hydrogen had equal electronegativity there wouldn't be any attraction between each molecule of water thus no hydrogen bonds.
What is ortho effect in aniline?
the ortho effect operates due to position of substituted group in ortho position. it increases the steric repulsion in 'amino' grup of aniline there by decreasing its basicity ,i.e tendency to accept proton.
What effect does lone pair electrons have on molecular shape?
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
How do polarity and shape of molecules relate to the properties of a substance?
Polarity and shape affect the ability of molecules to aggregate and pack together. Higher polarity, for example, may allow for hydrogen bonding to occur in certain instances which greatly increases a substance's melting and boiling points. If you compare CO2, which is non-polar and a gas at room temperature, to water (H2O) which is polar and is a liquid at room temperature, the different is due to polarity and hydrogen bonding. A good example of the effect of molecular shape on physical properties of compound is a comparison between isobutane and n-butane. Isobutane has a boiling point of -11.7 degrees C whereas n-butane boils roughly around 0 degrees C. Why does n-butane have a higher boiling point? Because n-butane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon which can pack well with other n-butane molecules around it. This maximizes molecular interaction and the weak intermolecular forces (i.e. London/van der Walls) keeping the molecules together. Isobutane, meanwhile, has less contact with other isobutane molecules because of its 3D shape/geometry which is more rigid than that of n-butane.
How does bonding effect the intermolecular forces?
Bonding affects intermolecular forces by influencing the strength of attractions between molecules. Covalent bonds within molecules contribute to intramolecular forces, while intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces, occur between molecules. The type and strength of bonding within a molecule can impact the overall intermolecular forces affecting its physical properties.
What are cage?
Also known as the cage effect, it describes how properties of a molecule are affected by its surroundings.
What are cage dynamics?
Also known as the cage effect, it describes how properties of a molecule are affected by its surroundings.
Which is a biological effect of the hydrogen bonding between molecule of water?
living things can survive in the water beneath a lake's frozen surface
Does the type of bonding effect the physical properties of a compound?
yes, because compounds can be combined in different ways, (i.e. heat), certain elements or compounds react to different types of bonding.
What is hydrogen bonding and what effect does it have on water?
Hydrogen bonding is a weak electrostatic attraction between a covalently bonded H on one atom with an electronegative atom in another molecule. In water this is a bond between the H of one H2O molecule and the O of another. The effects are remarkable. Boiling point and melting point are much higher than you'd expect (compare H2S) the density of ice is lower than that of liquid water.
What is a biological effect of the hydrogen bonding between molecule of water?
living things can survive in the water beneath a lake's frozen surface
What is resonance effect and inductive effect?
Resonance effect: It is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula.A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structures called as resonance structures or canonical forms. Inductive Effect: It is a permanent effect. When group attached to carbon atom attract electrons from them or push the electrons toward it is called as Inductive effect.
What are the structural effects of organic compounds?
There are six structural effects that affect the stability, acidity/basicity, melting point,volatility and solubility of an organic compound. These are VAN DER VAALS, RESONANCE, H-BONDING, CH-HYPERCONJUGATION, STERIC EFFECT, and INDUCTIVE EFFECT. VAN DER WAALS is the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) other than those due to covalent bonds or to the electrostatic interaction of ions with one another or with neutral molecules. (source, wikipedia) RESONANCE is the delocalization of the PI bonds. This adds to the stability of the compound. H-BONDING or hydrogen bonding is the bonding of Hydrogen atoms to an electronegative atoms (i.e. O) H-bonding can be intramolecular or intermolecular. When a compound is capable of H-bonding, the forces of attraction involved is stronger. CH-hyperconjugation is also known as sigma-electron delocalization. The sigma electron delocalization takes place towards the sp2 hybridized atoms. STERIC EFFECT is the effect of BULKINESS in a molecule. INDUCTIVE EFFECT is when the electron cloud is DISTORTED: Towards the electronegative part of the molecule (electron-withdrawing) away from the electron repelling groups (electron-repelling) Anonymous
What would be the effect on properties of water molecule if oxygen and hydrogen had equal electronegativity?
The attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond is called its electronegativity. If oxygen and hydrogen had equal electronegativity there wouldn't be any attraction between each molecule of water thus no hydrogen bonds.
What is ortho effect in aniline?
the ortho effect operates due to position of substituted group in ortho position. it increases the steric repulsion in 'amino' grup of aniline there by decreasing its basicity ,i.e tendency to accept proton.
Explain the effect of type of bonding on properties of materials?
The type of bonding in a material influences its properties. Materials with ionic bonds tend to have high melting and boiling points, are brittle, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Covalent bonded materials have lower melting and boiling points, can be flexible, and tend to be poor conductors of electricity. Metallic bonded materials have high thermal and electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility.
