Four
Each sodium atom will lose one electron to achieve a complete octet in its outer shell, as the octet rule dictates atoms will gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration with 8 electrons in the outer shell.
carbon has 4 valence electrons and can form a maximum 4 bonds with other atoms.
Oxygen needs to gain 2 electrons to reach an octet, as it has 6 valence electrons in its outer shell and requires a total of 8 electrons to have a stable octet configuration.
You can see this happen in the F2 molecule. Each fluorine atom shares a valence electron with the other fluorine atom. So there is just one covalent bond.
Oxygen typically forms 2 shared electrons when it bonds with other atoms, such as in H2O (water) or O2 (oxygen gas). These shared electrons help oxygen satisfy the octet rule by achieving a full outer shell of 8 electrons.
Fluorine needs one additional electron to satisfy the octet rule, giving it a total of 8 valence electrons and achieving a stable electron configuration.
In a Lewis dot structure of carbon, four electrons are needed to fill its valence shell, which can accommodate a total of eight electrons. Carbon typically forms four single bonds in its compounds to satisfy the octet rule.
Each sodium atom will lose one electron to achieve a complete octet in its outer shell, as the octet rule dictates atoms will gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration with 8 electrons in the outer shell.
Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell and needs four more electrons to complete its octet.
Strontium typically loses 2 electrons to satisfy the octet rule. Since strontium is in group 2 of the periodic table, it has 2 valence electrons. By losing these two electrons, it attains a stable electron configuration similar to a noble gas.
Seven electrons should be added to attain the higher noble gas configuration.
Beryllium will lose 2 electrons to satisfy the octet rule (to fill its outer shell).
Silicon, like carbon, has four valance electrons, and needs another four to have a stable octet.
A potassium atom has 1 electron in its outer shell. In order to satisfy the octet rule, it needs to donate 7 electrons to another atom to reach a stable configuration with a full outer shell.
In propane (C₃H₈), the central carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds to achieve a complete octet. Therefore, the central carbon atom uses four of its electrons to form these bonds, ensuring its octet is complete.
It makes two covalent bonds which completes its octet.
8: that's the meaning of "octet".