14 i think
Proton transport occurs in Complex I of the electron transport chain within the mitochondria. As electrons move through the complex, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
The electrons are transported through a series of carrier proteins via simultaneous oxidation-reduction reactions. The carriers harvest energy from these electrons to pump H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane. When the electrons reach the very end of the chain i.e. complex 4, they are transferred to Oxygen atoms to form O2- ions. O2- ions then combine with H+ ions in the mitochondrial matrix to form H2O.
In the mitochondrial matrix, oxygen combines with electrons and protons to form water in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. This process occurs during the electron transport chain, where the energy generated is used to produce ATP, the cell's main energy source.
Protons (H+ ions) end up in the intermembrane space during the electron transport chain. These protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space as electrons flow through the electron transport chain.
metallic
Proton transport occurs in Complex I of the electron transport chain within the mitochondria. As electrons move through the complex, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
Complex II is reduced and FADH2 is oxidized becoming FAD, the electrons continue down the electron transport chain providing the power to pump protons into the intermembrane space ( not as many protons as NADH because of the short delivery of FADH2 electrons to complex II ) where they fall down their concentration gradient through the synthase. Our electrons exit complex IV into the matrix where oxygen picks up two electrons and two protons forming water. 2H + 1/2O2 --> H2O.
Electrons enter the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion through Complex III in the electron transport chain. They then travel to Complex IV, where they reduce oxygen to form water. Once the electrons have been used in the transport chain, they are returned to the inside of the mitochondrion by pumping protons out of the matrix during oxidative phosphorylation, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
The protein complex responsible for allowing protons to return to the matrix in the inner mitochondrial membrane is called ATP synthase. It uses the energy from the flowing protons to produce ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell.
This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation and occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The high energy electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain, leading to the pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. The flow of protons back into the matrix through ATP synthase drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
It's the final steps of intermediary metabolism. Electrons transport protons into the intermembranous space of the mitochondria then move back into the matrix and wait. The protons they placed into the space between the membranes then surge through special passages in the inner membrane and back into the mitochondrial matrix, producing ATP in the process. There they rejoin the electrons and link up with incoming oxygen thus forming metabolic water.
During the synthesis of ATP, the flow of hydrogen ions (protons) is from the intermembrane space through the ATP synthase complex into the mitochondrial matrix. This movement of hydrogen ions creates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
The electrons are transported through a series of carrier proteins via simultaneous oxidation-reduction reactions. The carriers harvest energy from these electrons to pump H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane. When the electrons reach the very end of the chain i.e. complex 4, they are transferred to Oxygen atoms to form O2- ions. O2- ions then combine with H+ ions in the mitochondrial matrix to form H2O.
as protons move through ATP synthase, down their concentration and charge gradients, and back into the mitochondrial matrix, ATP is produced
The proximate source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is established during the electron transport chain as electrons are passed along and protons are pumped across the membrane. The flow of protons back into the matrix through ATP synthase drives the production of ATP.
As electrons flow along the electron transport chain in mitochondria, they undergo a series of redox reactions that result in the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This establishes a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase through chemiosmosis. Ultimately, this process generates ATP, the cell's primary energy source.
In mitochondria, hydrogen ions (protons) are actively pumped into the intermembrane space from the mitochondrial matrix during the electron transport chain process. This occurs primarily through the action of complexes I, III, and IV, which utilize the energy released from electron transfers to move protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space creates a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase as protons flow back into the matrix.