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In mitochondria, hydrogen ions (protons) are actively pumped into the intermembrane space from the mitochondrial matrix during the electron transport chain process. This occurs primarily through the action of complexes I, III, and IV, which utilize the energy released from electron transfers to move protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space creates a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase as protons flow back into the matrix.
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Do mitochondria and chloroplasts include compartments where hydrogen ions are connected?
Yes, both mitochondria and chloroplasts have compartments where hydrogen ions are actively pumped across a membrane to create a proton gradient. In mitochondria, this occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, while in chloroplasts, it happens across the thylakoid membrane. The proton gradient generated is used to drive ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts.
During the first electron transport chain in which direction are protons actively pumped?
Protons are actively pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space during the first electron transport chain. This creates a proton gradient that is essential for ATP production.
What happen when electrons are passed down the electrons transport chain?
Hydrogen ions are pumped across the mitochondria's inner membrane producing a concentration gradient
What is the role of hydrogen ion gradient used for in cellular respiration in the mitochondria?
The hydrogen ion gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis. 32 to 34 molecules of ATP are produced. The hydrogen ion gradient is the result of NADH in the electron transport system of the mitochondria.
What leaves the Mitochondria?
ATP is pumped out of the mitochondrion and into the cytosol, while ADP and Pi are pumped from the cytosol into the mitochondrion
Do mitochondria and chloroplasts include compartments where hydrogen ions are connected?
Yes, both mitochondria and chloroplasts have compartments where hydrogen ions are actively pumped across a membrane to create a proton gradient. In mitochondria, this occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, while in chloroplasts, it happens across the thylakoid membrane. The proton gradient generated is used to drive ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts.
During the first electron transport chain in which direction are protons actively pumped?
Protons are actively pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space during the first electron transport chain. This creates a proton gradient that is essential for ATP production.
What happens when electrons are passed the electron transport chain?
Hydrogen ions are pumped across the mitochondria's inner membrane producing a concentration gradient
What happens when electrons are transported down the electron transport chain?
Hydrogen ions are pumped across the mitochondria's inner membrane producing a concentration gradient
What happen when electrons are passed down the electrons transport chain?
Hydrogen ions are pumped across the mitochondria's inner membrane producing a concentration gradient
How charged particles like na and k move scross membranes?
They are pumped actively.
Where are H pumped in the mitochondria?
Pumped into the outer lumen of the mitochondria where it builds up a concentration gradient which it falls down through the ATP-synthase. A rotary motor that takes ADP and a phosphate group a combines them to produce ATP by the energy provided by the H +. Simplified version.
In a hydrogen ion pump the energy is used to join small molecules together to make larger ones which factor is most likely has the greatest effect of the number of molecules mitochondria can produce?
the amount of energy the flowing H+ ions have
After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased the calcium does what?
is actively pumped into the extracellular fluid for storage.
What after nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased the calcium?
is actively pumped into the extracellular fluid for storage.
Which structure is most necessary for mitochondria to produce new molecules?
Hydrogen pump.
What are two ways a generator can cool?
Air and hydrogen gas can be pumped through
