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Aniline has a higher boiling point than phenol because aniline can form strong hydrogen bonds due to the presence of an amino group. Phenol has a higher boiling point than toluene because phenol molecules can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds because of the hydroxyl group. Toluene has a higher boiling point than benzene due to the presence of a bulky methyl group which increases Van der Waals forces between toluene molecules.
it,s C7H8+9O2>7CO2+4H2O+HEATapexx
The reaction between acidified potassium permanganate and toluene results in the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: C7H8 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 → 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 7H2O + 7H2O + C6H5CO2H
Electrophilic halogenation
When bromine is added to toluene, bromination of the aromatic ring can occur. This reaction can lead to the formation of mono- or poly-brominated toluene derivatives, depending on reaction conditions. Products may include ortho-, meta-, or para-bromotoluene isomers.
To convert toluene to aniline, you can first nitrify toluene to form nitrotoluene using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. Then, the nitrotoluene can be reduced to aniline through catalytic hydrogenation or using reducing agents like iron and hydrochloric acid or lithium aluminum hydride. This process involves the substitution of the nitro group with an amino group, resulting in the formation of aniline.
aniline would go through an electrophilic substitution, it is a weak base
Aniline has a higher boiling point than phenol because aniline can form strong hydrogen bonds due to the presence of an amino group. Phenol has a higher boiling point than toluene because phenol molecules can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds because of the hydroxyl group. Toluene has a higher boiling point than benzene due to the presence of a bulky methyl group which increases Van der Waals forces between toluene molecules.
To convert aniline to acetanilide, the reagent used is acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride. The reaction typically requires a catalyst such as a base, like pyridine, to facilitate the acetylation. The solvent can be a non-polar organic solvent like dichloromethane or toluene, although the reaction can also proceed without a solvent.
The reaction between bromine and toluene can result in the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the toluene ring with a bromine atom, forming bromotoluene. Different isomers of bromotoluene can be produced depending on the position of the bromine atom on the toluene ring.
para-toluene sulfonic acid and ortho toluene sulfonic acid p-CH3-C6H4-SO3H and o-CH3-C6H4-SO3H
it,s C7H8+9O2>7CO2+4H2O+HEATapexx
The reaction between acidified potassium permanganate and toluene results in the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: C7H8 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 → 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 7H2O + 7H2O + C6H5CO2H
Electrophilic halogenation
there is no chemical reaction between these two.
When bromine is added to toluene, bromination of the aromatic ring can occur. This reaction can lead to the formation of mono- or poly-brominated toluene derivatives, depending on reaction conditions. Products may include ortho-, meta-, or para-bromotoluene isomers.
When excess chlorine is passed through boiling toluene, chlorination of the toluene molecule can occur. This reaction can lead to the introduction of chlorine atoms into the benzene ring of toluene, resulting in the formation of chlorinated derivatives of toluene. These derivatives can have different properties and reactivity compared to the original toluene molecule.