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Is toluene to aniline possible by gabriel reaction?
No, toluene cannot be directly converted to aniline by the Gabriel synthesis. The Gabriel synthesis involves the reaction of an alkyl halide with potassium phthalimide to form an alkyl phthalimide intermediate, which is then converted to the primary amine through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Toluene does not contain a suitable leaving group for this type of reaction.
How do you convert toluene to aniline?
To convert toluene to aniline, you can first nitrify toluene to form nitrotoluene using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. Then, the nitrotoluene can be reduced to aniline through catalytic hydrogenation or using reducing agents like iron and hydrochloric acid or lithium aluminum hydride. This process involves the substitution of the nitro group with an amino group, resulting in the formation of aniline.
What happens when chlorine is passed through boiling toluene?
Electrophilic halogenation
Why is it that aniline has a high boiling point to phenol and phenol has a high boiling point than toluene and toluene has a high boiling point than benzene?
Aniline has a higher boiling point than phenol because aniline can form strong hydrogen bonds due to the presence of an amino group. Phenol has a higher boiling point than toluene because phenol molecules can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds because of the hydroxyl group. Toluene has a higher boiling point than benzene due to the presence of a bulky methyl group which increases Van der Waals forces between toluene molecules.
Reactions of 2-nitro toluene?
2-nitrotoluene can undergo various reactions, such as reduction to form 2-nitrotoluene, nitration to yield dinitrotoluene when treated with a nitrating agent like nitric acid, or hydrolysis to produce o-nitrobenzoic acid under basic conditions. Additionally, 2-nitrotoluene can also undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions due to the electron-withdrawing nitro group.
What happens when Toluene reacts with Chlorine in presence of sun light?
When toluene reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight, a substitution reaction occurs where one or more hydrogen atoms in the toluene molecule are replaced by chlorine atoms. This reaction can result in the formation of different chlorinated derivatives of toluene, such as benzyl chloride or benzal chloride, depending on the conditions and the position of the substitution on the benzene ring.
Products of the reaction between bromine and toluene?
The reaction between bromine and toluene can result in the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the toluene ring with a bromine atom, forming bromotoluene. Different isomers of bromotoluene can be produced depending on the position of the bromine atom on the toluene ring.
Which is nitrated faster toluene or phenol Explain?
Phenol is nitrated faster than toluene because phenol is more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions due to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) which activates the benzene ring by donating electrons to it. This increases the electron density on the ring and makes it more susceptible to electrophilic attack by the nitronium ion in nitration reactions.
Is toluene will under go bromination?
Yes, toluene will undergo bromination. When treated with bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalysts such as FeBr3 or AlBr3, toluene will undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution to form bromotoluene as the major product.
Which catalist can be used to bromination of toluene?
A catalytic system commonly used for the bromination of toluene is a combination of elemental bromine (Br2) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as iron(III) bromide (FeBr3) or aluminum bromide (AlBr3). These catalysts help facilitate the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction by activating the bromine molecule for attack on the aromatic ring of toluene.
What is the molecular diameter of toluene?
The molecular diameter of toluene is approximately 0.6 to 0.7 nanometers (nm). This value can vary slightly depending on the method of measurement and the specific conditions, but it generally reflects the size of the toluene molecule, which consists of a benzene ring with a methyl group. Toluene's relatively small size allows it to easily participate in various chemical reactions and interactions.
What is the chemical equation of toluene and Br?
The chemical equation for the reaction between toluene and bromine (Br) is C6H5CH3 + Br2 → C6H5CH2Br + HBr. This reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution where one of the hydrogens on the benzene ring is replaced by a bromine atom.
