Non-metals during a chemical combinations tend to gain electrons. Metals in chemical reactions will tend to lose their electrons easily.
The difference in electronegativity determines the type of chemical bonding between atoms. Metals and nonmetals often have a large difference in electronegativity, and tend to form ionic bonds, while nonmetals bonded to nonmetals tend to have smaller electronegativities and tend to form covalent bonds.
Non-ionized (stable) nonmetals, or metal ions.
Metals tend to be softer and more malleable than nonmetals in their solid form. Nonmetals tend to be hard and brittle.
Metals and nonmetals tend to form ionic compounds by forming ionic bonds when they combine.
Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron. Elements other than transition metals gain or lose electrons from the s and p orbitals in order gain the more stable electron configuration of a Noble gas. Metals lose electrons to become isoelectronic (that is have the same electron configuration) to a noble gas (previous to them in the periodic table), while nonmetals tend to gain electrons in order to become isoelectronic to a Noble gas (next highest on the periodic table). Since ionization energy is the energy needed to REMOVE an electron, it is low for metals which form positive ions by losing electrons to become more stable, but very high for nonmetals that tend to gain, NOT LOSE, electrons. Most transition metals tend to lose electrons as well (other than Rhenium). Transition metals lose electrons from the d orbital, but still form positive ions, so their ionization energy is also usually lower than nonmetals.
The difference in electronegativity determines the type of chemical bonding between atoms. Metals and nonmetals often have a large difference in electronegativity, and tend to form ionic bonds, while nonmetals bonded to nonmetals tend to have smaller electronegativities and tend to form covalent bonds.
Nonmetals have properties opposite those of themetals. The nonmetals are brittle, not malleable or ductile, poor conductors of both heat and electricity, and tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions. Some nonmetals are liquids. These elements are shown in the following figure.
Nonmetals are generally not shiny. They tend to be dull.
Non-ionized (stable) nonmetals, or metal ions.
Nonmetals in the solid state tend to be brittle and poor conductors of heat.
Negative/Negatives
Yes, in solid form nonmetals tend to be brittle, however, several nonmetals are gasses and one, bromine, is a liquid.
when the metals go to form a noble gas configurtation, they tend to gain electrons while the nonmetals tend to lose electrons.
They tend to fiil the outermost electron shell.
Atoms of nonmetals tend to be smaller than atoms of metals in the same period.
The fundamental difference between metals and nonmetals is that metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions, and nonmetals tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions (not including the noble gases which are also a type of nonmetal and which are not reactive). In terms of physical properties, metals have a distinctive metallic appearance, shiny and silvery; they are good electrical conductors, they are flexible (although it is possible to formulate less flexible alloys) and usually solid, except for mercury which is liquid. Nonmetals come in other colors, are generally not good electrical conductors, and come in a variety of phases, solid, liquid, or gas.
Metals tend to be softer and more malleable than nonmetals in their solid form. Nonmetals tend to be hard and brittle.