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What is a triose?
A triose is a type of carbohydrate that consists of three carbon atoms. Common examples include dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde. Trioses play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways in organisms.
How many pyruvate molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?
Glucose contains six carbon atoms, whereas pyruvate only contains three, so it is possible to derive two pyruvate molecules (3+3 carbon atoms) from one glucose molecule (=6 carbon atoms). During the early stages of glycolysis, the glucose is converted into Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. This molecule also has six carbon atoms, and is split by an enzyme called 'fructose biphosphate aldolase' into two separate molecules containing three carbon atoms: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. It is the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate that is later converted into pyruvate, accounting for the first pyruvate molecules from glucose. However, the other 3-carbon molecule, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, is kept in equilibium with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by an enzyme known as 'triose phosphate isomerase', so that this is eventually converted into pyruvate as well. The result being two pyruvate molecules per glucose molecule.
How many carbon atoms does is in one molecule of phosphoglycolate?
There are two phosphoglyceric acids, both having three carbon atoms.3-hydroxy-2-phosphono-oxypropanoic acid and2-hydroxy-3-phosphono-oxypropanoic acid
What is an aldotriose?
Aldotriose is a type of monosaccharide sugar that contains three carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It serves as a building block for larger carbohydrates and is less common compared to other triose sugars like glyceraldehyde.
How where monosaccharides named?
Monosaccharides are named based on the number of carbon atoms they contain – triose (3 carbons), tetrose (4 carbons), pentose (5 carbons), hexose (6 carbons), and so on. Additionally, they are often classified based on the functional groups present, such as aldose and ketose.
What kind of molecule is G3P?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or G3P, is an organic compound. It occurs as an intermediate in several central metabolic pathways of all organisms.
If a cell is completely lacking in the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, which of the following is a possible result?
Only one pyruvate molecule will be formed per molecule of glucose
Where do the carbon hydrogen and oxygen in triose phosphate originate from?
The carbon atoms come from the Ribulose biphosphate and CO2 fixation. The oxygen also comes from CO2 fixation. The hydrogen comes from the oxidation of NADPH (which was produced in the light-dependent reaction)
How does 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde get changed into dihydroxyacetone phosphate?
This reaction is catalyzed by Triose phosphate isomerase
What is a product in the Calvin cycle?
The products of the Calvin cycle are the three carbon sugar phosphate molecules or the triose phosphates (G3P). The products formed after a single turn of the Calvin cycle are 3 ADP, 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecules, and 2 NADP+.
How many carbon atoms does triose have?
There are 5 carbons in sugars. Sugars can form five membered rings or six membered rings.
What is a triose?
A triose is a type of carbohydrate that consists of three carbon atoms. Common examples include dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde. Trioses play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways in organisms.
How many pyruvate molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?
Glucose contains six carbon atoms, whereas pyruvate only contains three, so it is possible to derive two pyruvate molecules (3+3 carbon atoms) from one glucose molecule (=6 carbon atoms). During the early stages of glycolysis, the glucose is converted into Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. This molecule also has six carbon atoms, and is split by an enzyme called 'fructose biphosphate aldolase' into two separate molecules containing three carbon atoms: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. It is the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate that is later converted into pyruvate, accounting for the first pyruvate molecules from glucose. However, the other 3-carbon molecule, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, is kept in equilibium with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by an enzyme known as 'triose phosphate isomerase', so that this is eventually converted into pyruvate as well. The result being two pyruvate molecules per glucose molecule.
What are the steps of glycolysis in order?
Glycolysis is an ancient biochemical process which, broadly speaking, splits glucose into pyruvate so that it can progress into the link reaction. it is an anaerobic process. Glucose is a hexose sugar and is therefore stable, to split it in two it needs to be "activated" first.1. in the cytoplasm of cells (not necessarily in the mitochondria) one molecule of inorganic phosphate (from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi) bonds with the sixth carbon atom of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate.2. still in the cytoplasm, another inorganic phosphate molecule (Pi) bonds to the first carbon atom of glucose to form glucose-1,6-bisphosphate. (i've been taught the prefix bissome people use di) this compound converts to its isomer fructose-1,6 bisphosphate.3. the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate splits into two molecule of triose phosphate. the double phosphorylation (addition of two phosphate groups) made the original glucose unstable which is why it is able to split in two.4. two hydrogen molecules are removed from each molecule of triose phosphate. so that it is oxidised. this is carried out by dehydrogenase enzymes5. the coenzyme NAD acts as a hydrogen acceptor. it works with the dehydrogenase enzyme and accepts two hydrogen atoms to become reduced NAD. two molecules of ATP are also formed at this stage. this is substrate level phosphorylation. two molecules of reduced NAD are formed for each glucose (remember one glucose splits into two triose phophate)6. four more enzyme catalysed reactions convert the triose phosphate molecules into pyruvate. which is also a three carbon compound. in this stage another two molecules of ADP are phosphorylated by adding one inorganic phosphate to each molecule.)net gain: two molecules of ATPtwo molecules of reduced NAD (these will carry hydrogen atoms to the inner mitrochondrial membranes and be used to generate more ATP through oxidative phosphorylationtwo molecules of Pyruvate which will be actively transported to the mitrochondrial matrix for the next stage of anaerobic respiration. in the absence of oxygen the pyruvate in the cytoplasm will be converted to lactic acid or ethanol
How many carbon atoms does is in one molecule of phosphoglycolate?
There are two phosphoglyceric acids, both having three carbon atoms.3-hydroxy-2-phosphono-oxypropanoic acid and2-hydroxy-3-phosphono-oxypropanoic acid
What is the source of energy for the first step of glycolysis?
ion of a three-carbon organic acid
What is returned to chlorophyll in cyclic photophosphorylation that is not returned in noncyclic photoreduction?
In cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons are returned to the reaction center of the chlorophyll molecule, allowing for the production of ATP. In noncyclic photoreduction, electrons are not returned to the same chlorophyll molecule but are instead transferred to other molecules, like NADPH, for use in the Calvin cycle.
