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First of all, entropy is the defined as the extent to which something is disordered. In chemistry, for entropy in a SYSTEM to decrease, the products of a reaction must be less disordered than the reactants. The extent of "disordered-ness" can be seen by the physical states of the substances. A gas is more disordered than a liquid, which is more disordered than a solid. So, an example of a reaction that leads to a decrease in entropy is:
HCl(gas) +NH3(gas) -----> NH4Cl(solid)
So you see, there are more gaseous molecules in the reactant side of the equation than in the product side, which means the products are less disordered than the reactants.
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However, one must note that if the entropy of a system(reaction) decreases, the entropy of the surroundings should increase. This is because
change in TOTAL entropy(A) = change in entropy of SYSTEM(B) + change in entropy of SURROUNDINGS(C).
It is a rule that A must increase in every case ( have a positive value). If the B is negative(a decrease in entropy), C must be positive(an increase in entropy) to keep the value of A positive.
What else can I help you with?
What does delta S 0 mean in a reaction?
The system becomes more random.
Under what conditions will a low temperature make a reaction spontaneous?
if H and S are both negative
What is the value equal to the enthalpy minus temperature times entropy?
The value you are referring to is the Gibbs free energy, which is equal to the enthalpy minus the temperature multiplied by the entropy: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. This equation is used to determine if a reaction is spontaneous under certain conditions.
What is the free energy for ammonium oxalate?
The free energy for a compound like ammonium oxalate would depend on the specific conditions of the system, such as temperature and pressure. The free energy can be calculated using the Gibbs free energy equation, which takes into account the enthalpy and entropy changes of the reaction. You would need specific experimental data or calculations to determine the free energy for ammonium oxalate under particular conditions.
Which metal is ln liquid state under ordinary condition?
Mercury is the only metal that is in liquid state under ordinary conditions, specifically at room temperature.
What does delta S 0 mean in a reaction?
The system becomes more random.
Under what conditions will a low temperature make a reaction spontaneous?
if H and S are both negative
Can a reaction that is endothermic with a decrease in entropy never occur spontaneously?
An endothermic reaction with a decrease in entropy may still occur spontaneously under certain conditions, particularly at high temperatures. Spontaneity is determined by the Gibbs free energy change (( \Delta G )), which combines enthalpy and entropy changes (( \Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S )). If the negative contribution from ( T \Delta S ) (where ( \Delta S ) is negative) is outweighed by a sufficiently large positive ( \Delta H ), the reaction may not be spontaneous. However, at lower temperatures, the reverse can be true, and such a reaction could be spontaneous.
Under normal condition the thromostat of heating and cooling system require?
A wall.
What does not describe a non spontaneous reaction?
A non-spontaneous reaction is typically characterized by requiring a continuous input of energy to proceed and does not occur naturally under standard conditions. It is not driven by an increase in entropy; instead, it often leads to a decrease in entropy. Additionally, non-spontaneous reactions do not have a negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG > 0). Therefore, they do not occur spontaneously without external intervention.
What is entrophy?
Entropy is:It is denoted by S.It is a state function and ΔS is independent of path.Entropy is a measure of the degree of randomness or disorder in a system.Greater the disorder of a system, the higher is the entropy. The decrease of regularity in structure means increase in entropy.Crystalline solid is the state of lowest entropy (most ordered) and the gaseous state is a state of highest entropy.As the temperature increases, randomness increases, and thus, entropy increases.For a reversible reaction, entropy change (ΔS)(for a reversible reaction)At equilibrium, ΔS = 0Entropy of a spontaneous reaction increases till it reaches the maximum, and at equilibrium, ΔS = 0Entropy is a state property. Therefore, entropy change for a reversible process is given byFor reversible and irreversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas (that is under isothermal conditions), ΔU = 0. But is not zero for the irreversible process.Main definition are stated according to http://wiki.answers.com/Q/FAQ/8454.Thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion between heat and mechanical work which leads to the macroscopic properties such as temperature, volume, and...
What are thermodynamic parameters usually calculated for compounds under what condition?
Thermodynamic parameters for compounds, such as enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and heat capacity, are typically calculated under standard conditions, which include a pressure of 1 atmosphere and a specified temperature (often 25°C). These parameters are essential for understanding the stability and reactivity of compounds in various chemical processes. Additionally, they can be derived from experimental data or estimated using computational methods and models, depending on the system's complexity.
How do you prove benford's law?
Benford's law is obtained as maximum entropy distribution of balls in boxes under the assumption that the number of balls in a box can be 1,2,3....9. For derivation see Oded Kafri "entropy principle in direct derivation of Benford's law" at arxive (2009) .
Is isothermal expansion reversible under ideal conditions?
No. All processes involving heat transfer are not reversible, since they result in an increase in entropy. Isothermal expansion implies heat transfer to maintain the system at a constant temperature. Normally an expanding gas would cool if there were no heat entering the system. Adiabatic processes involve no heat transfer and are reversible. The temperature can (and usually does) change during an adiabatic process.
What are the entropy and enthalpy?
Enthalpy is the energy of the molecules. It cannot be measured, although CHANGE in enthalpy of reactions can be measured. It's simply heat energy. Exothermic reactions have anegative enthalpy change(which means energy of the products is lower than that of the reactants). Endothermic reactions have a positive value(energy of products is higher than that of the reactants). Entropy, on the other hand, is the degree of disorder. It's the measurement of how disordered a substance is. For example, particles in a solid are regularly arranged, so they are less disordered, and have a low value of entropy. Gases have much higher entropies. Entropy of an individual compound can be measured/calculated.
What is proper to decrease systolic while diastolic is under control?
50
Under what condition is delta G for a reaction always positive?
Delta G (Gibbs free energy change) for a reaction is always positive when the reaction is non-spontaneous under the given conditions. This typically occurs when the system is at equilibrium or when the enthalpy change (ΔH) is positive and the entropy change (ΔS) is negative, leading to a situation where the temperature multiplied by ΔS (TΔS) is not sufficient to drive the reaction forward. Additionally, when the reactants are more stable than the products, or when the reaction requires external energy input to proceed, delta G will also be positive.
