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What is an oily mixture of lipidscholesterol and cell fragment?
An oily mixture of lipids, cholesterol, and cell fragments is called an atheroma. Atheromas can form within the walls of arteries, leading to atherosclerosis, a condition that can reduce blood flow and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
What causes an electron to change energy levels within an atom?
An electron changes energy levels within an atom when it absorbs or emits a specific amount of energy, typically in the form of light or heat. This process is known as electron excitation or de-excitation.
How do proteases help remove stain?
Proteases break down protein-based stains by cleaving the peptide bonds within the protein molecules, resulting in smaller, more soluble fragments that can be washed away easily. This enzymatic action helps to effectively remove tough stains from various surfaces such as fabric.
Why some colony grow inside the zone of inhibition?
Some bacteria within the colony may possess inherent resistance to the antibiotic, allowing them to survive and grow within the zone of inhibition. Additionally, mutations in the bacterial DNA can confer resistance, enabling the growth of colonies within the zone. Horizontal gene transfer mechanisms like conjugation can also introduce resistant genes to susceptible bacteria in the colony, leading to their growth within the zone of inhibition.
What causes a flammable atmosphere within a confined space?
A flammable atmosphere within a confined space can be caused by the presence of flammable gases or vapors, such as from chemicals, fuels, or solvents. Factors such as poor ventilation, improper storage of flammable materials, or the accumulation of combustible dust can also contribute to the creation of a flammable atmosphere in confined spaces.
What holds the DNA sample during electrophoresis?
DNA samples are within the gel matrix during electrophoresis. DNA moves at differtent rates through the pores of the gel depending on how long the fragments are. DNA is held by the gel itself.
Process that restriction fragments of DNA are separated from each other by the use of electricity?
The process you are referring to is called electrophoresis. In this technique, DNA fragments are loaded onto a gel matrix and an electric current is applied. The negatively charged DNA molecules move towards the positive electrode, separating based on size and charge.
How does electrophoresis separate DNA based upon differences in size?
Electrophoresis is the motion of dispersed particles (like DNA fragments) relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. DNA electrophoresis is an analytical technique used to separate DNA fragments by size. DNA molecules which are to be analyzed are set upon a viscous medium, the gel, where an electric field forces the DNA to migrate toward the positive potential, the anode, due to the net negative charge of the phosphate backbone of the DNA chain. The separation of these fragments is accomplished by exploiting the mobilities with which different sized molecules are able to traverse the gel. Longer molecules migrate more slowly because they experience more drag within the gel. Because the size of the molecule affects its mobility, smaller fragments end up nearer to the anode than longer ones in a given period.
What is pulsed field gel electrophoresis?
This method is a mode of gel electrophoresis in which the applied field is switched between poles so the DNA sample is constantly re oriented within the frame work of the gel. This re alignment allows the sample to move smoothly through the gel
Why formamide is used as a denaturant in dgge?
Formamide is used as a denaturant in Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) because it destabilizes the DNA double helix, leading to the separation of DNA fragments based on their sequence. By introducing formamide into the gel, different DNA fragments can be separated based on their melting temperature, allowing for analysis of genetic diversity and structure within a sample.
Why gel red can stain DNA fragments?
GelRed is a fluorescent dye that is designed to bind to DNA by intercalating between the base pairs. This binding causes the DNA to fluoresce under UV light, making it visible in a gel electrophoresis setting. The staining ability of GelRed allows for the visualization of DNA fragments within the gel.
What are some potential designs for a gel electrophoresis chamber?
a box and a chamber and a lid and a comb A gel electrophoresis can be made two different ways---horizontal or vertical. I'm doing a project with it right now, and honestly, I prefer the horizontal. I don't know how the vertical works, but the horizontal is pretty much a box inside a box with the lid and comb. The bigger box, or your chamber, should be large enough to fit all the wiring on each ends of it, and the smaller box, or the box, in the middle. Your box should have two removable walls on the ends in which the wells are facing, and slits on one end for the comb to go into. You should put the comb in and fill the box up with the gel, and when it dries, you take the comb out and take off both walls. The charge can then run through the walls and to the other side of the chamber.
How does time influence the rate of electrophoresis?
Hi, I assume you mean gel electrophoresis of proteins (commonly done in a polyacrylamide gel e.g. SDS-PAGE) or agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. Generally, as electrophoresis is allowed to proceed for a long time, the gel and the buffer in which it is submerged in becomes heated (due to Joule heating effects of the current supply). The heating causes the pores in the gel matrix to lose their definition (due to flaccidness induced upon the polyacrylamide / agarose matrix strands within the gel) and the sample molecules (being electrophoresed) can now easily 'force' their way through the meshwork of fibres within the gel, thus creating an illusionary aspect of 'enhanced rate of migration' (i.e. 'increased rate of electrophoresis'). Hope this answers your query. Thanks and Regards, Shiraz
The results of gel electrophoresis are shown below with four different strands of DNA labeled. Which strand of DNA is the shortest?
Answer this q The results of gel electrophoresis are shown below, with four different strands of DNA labeled.Which strand of DNA is the shortest? uestion…
Why does the permeability of blood vessels increase during acute inflammation?
vasodilation causes increased pressure within the blood vessel which causes gaps within endothelium to form-this allows for the increased permeability.
How do tandemly arranged repeats affect the lengths of restriction fragments?
Tandemly arranged repeats can affect the lengths of restriction fragments by creating regions of DNA that are more susceptible to cleavage by restriction enzymes. When a restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts within these repeats, it can produce fragments of varying lengths due to the repetitive nature of the sequence. This can result in a complex pattern of fragments on a gel during restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, making it challenging to accurately determine the sizes of the fragments.
What process is used to cut DNA into fragments?
DNA can be fragmented using restriction endonucleases or restriction enzymes. Restriction enzymes identify specific sequences within the DNA and cause cleavage generating fragments. When this digested DNA is allowed to run in gel electrophoresis fragments get separated according to their mass. When visualized under UV transilluminator, fragmented DNA can be observed as fluorescing bands.
