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Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Protons and neutrons are the baryons present in the nucleus.

Protons have a positive charge, and a mass of approx. 1 amu.

Neutrons have no charge, and a mass of approx. 1 amu.

Electrons are leptons with negative charge and negligible mass, and are found in orbitals outside the nucleus.

Not all atoms have neutrons (such as in the case of hydrogen-1).

Variation in electron number defines the ionization state of the atom (more electrons than protons gives a negative ion, less electrons than protons gives a positive ion).

Proton number separates one element from another.

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