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What is the difference between polar and nonpolar amino acids as shown in the amino acids chart?
Polar amino acids have a charge or partial charge, making them hydrophilic and able to interact with water. Nonpolar amino acids lack a charge and are hydrophobic, repelling water. This difference affects how amino acids interact with other molecules in biological processes.
Do organic acids possess mobile charge carriers when dissolved in water?
No, organic acids do not possess mobile charge carriers when dissolved in water. They exist mainly as molecules that can participate in reactions through the transfer of protons rather than as ions carrying a charge.
What is the role of phosphate groups in nucleic acids, specifically in providing them with their negative charge?
Phosphate groups in nucleic acids play a crucial role in providing them with a negative charge. This negative charge helps in the structure and function of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, by allowing them to interact with other molecules and participate in important biological processes like replication and protein synthesis.
How are the formulas for acids determined?
The formulas for acids are determined based on the balance of charges in the compound. An acid is a substance that donates protons, so its formula is typically written with a hydrogen ion (H+) attached to an anion. The anion's charge determines how many hydrogen ions are needed to maintain charge balance.
What functional group contributes a negative charge?
The carboxyl group (-COO-) contributes a negative charge by deprotonating to form a carboxylate ion (-COO-). This functional group is commonly found in amino acids and fatty acids.
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar amino acids as shown in the amino acids chart?
Polar amino acids have a charge or partial charge, making them hydrophilic and able to interact with water. Nonpolar amino acids lack a charge and are hydrophobic, repelling water. This difference affects how amino acids interact with other molecules in biological processes.
What is the relationship between the structure of nucleic acids and their charge?
The structure of nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, is made up of negatively charged phosphate groups. This gives nucleic acids an overall negative charge.
Do organic acids possess mobile charge carriers when dissolved in water?
No, organic acids do not possess mobile charge carriers when dissolved in water. They exist mainly as molecules that can participate in reactions through the transfer of protons rather than as ions carrying a charge.
What kind of charge does protein have?
Proteins are typically charged molecules because they contain both positively charged amino acids (e.g., lysine, arginine) and negatively charged amino acids (e.g., glutamate, aspartate). The overall charge of a protein depends on the balance between these charged amino acids in its structure.
What is the role of phosphate groups in nucleic acids, specifically in providing them with their negative charge?
Phosphate groups in nucleic acids play a crucial role in providing them with a negative charge. This negative charge helps in the structure and function of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, by allowing them to interact with other molecules and participate in important biological processes like replication and protein synthesis.
What type of net charge do most proteins carbohydrates and nucleic acids have?
Most proteins have a net charge at a specific pH due to the presence of different amino acid residues with varying pK values. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids are typically uncharged or have a neutral net charge due to their composition of sugars and phosphate groups.
How are the formulas for acids determined?
The formulas for acids are determined based on the balance of charges in the compound. An acid is a substance that donates protons, so its formula is typically written with a hydrogen ion (H+) attached to an anion. The anion's charge determines how many hydrogen ions are needed to maintain charge balance.
Which of the amino acids would whne incorporated into polypeptide chain make the charge of the polypeptide more positive?
Amino acids with positively charged side chains, such as lysine, arginine, and histidine, would make the overall charge of a polypeptide more positive when incorporated into the polypeptide chain. These amino acids have side chains that can interact with negatively charged groups, leading to a net positive charge in the polypeptide.
What functional group contributes a negative charge?
The carboxyl group (-COO-) contributes a negative charge by deprotonating to form a carboxylate ion (-COO-). This functional group is commonly found in amino acids and fatty acids.
What is the charge of streptavidin?
Streptavidin has a neutral charge at pH 7 due to an equal number of positively charged amino acids (Lysine and Arginine) and negatively charged amino acids (Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid) present in its structure.
Do bases and acids conduct electricity?
Yes, both bases and acids can conduct electricity when dissolved in water because they form ions that are free to carry electric charge. In bases, hydroxide ions (OH-) conduct electricity, while in acids, hydrogen ions (H+) conduct electricity.
What is the impact of pH on the charge of amino acids?
The pH level affects the charge of amino acids by determining whether they are positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral. At low pH levels, amino acids tend to be positively charged, while at high pH levels, they tend to be negatively charged. This is because the pH influences the ionization of the amino acid's functional groups.
