Otherwise known as "microarray chips," DNA microarray are used to determined the genetic makeup of a given tissue sample. By shining various bands of light on these chips, the gene(s) in the tissue are expressed in the form of a particular color.
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DNA microarray analysis is a technique used to match up two strands of DNA. It is used in paternity tests and in criminal investigations in which a perpetrator's DNA was found at the crime scene.
A cDNA microarray is a hybrid of a DNA microarray, which is a collection of a number of minute DNA dots. These are mostly used in the field of genetic testing.
mRNA is extracted from cells for DNA microarray. the mRNA is then converted in the lab to cDNA this cDNA is allowed to interact with the probes on the microarray chip
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Microarray analysis involves breaking open a cell, isolating its genetic contents, identifying all the genes that are turned on in that particular cell and generating a list of those genes.
Genomic analysis are the techniques needed to determine and compare the genetic sequence (e.g. DNA in the chromosomes and mitochondria). This includes DNA sequencing, routine use of DNA microarray technology for the analysis of gene expression profiles at the mRNA level and improved informatic tools to organize and analyze such data. At the same time, new developments in chip-based analysis of samples and the emergence of models of gene networks.
Microarray data is usually applied for the comparison of gene expression profiles under different conditions. But we have to make sure what we are comparing is really comparable. So, to bring the data under common frame normalization is done. In technical terms, normalization of microarray data removes both random and systematic biases. [Source: Guide To Analysis of DNA Microarray Data]
DNA microarray analysis allows both high throughput and high density analysis of genetic polymorphisms in humans and other types of organisms. It has significantly reduced the cost of scientific studies linking physical traits to specific genes, thus leading to a better understanding of the human body and what doctors can do to diagnose and treat diseases. Genetic analysis is a cost saving technology, in that it can be involved in preventative medicine as well as prescribing the best possible treatments and dosages for those diseases which have been well characterized. These effects can bring tremendous advantages in reducing the cost of care and thus have a beneficial effect on the economy.
DNA Microarray
Step 1: Isolate the mRNA. Step 2: Make cDNA by reverse transcription using fluorescent labeled nucleotides. Step 3: Apply the cDNA mixture to a microarray with a different gene in each spot. Step 4: Rinse off excess DNA; scan for fluorescence.
DNA chip or also called as DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spot attached to a firm surface. This is used by scientist to measure the expression level of the large amount of genes or to genotype numerous regions of a genome.
A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. It is a 2D array on a solid substrate (usually a glass slide or silicon thin-film cell) that assays large amounts of biological material using high-throughput screening methods