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Nucleotides are made up of a sugar a phosphate and a base. RNA contains a Ribose sugar whereas DNA contains a Deoxyribose sugar. DNA is made up of two nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases, whereas RNA is made up of only one nucleotide strand. The bases present in DNA include Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine whereas in RNA the bases are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil (instead of Thymine).

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What is the difference between adenosine and adenylic acid?

Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of adenine and ribose, while adenylic acid is a nucleotide that contains adenosine monophosphate (AMP) linked to a phosphate group. Adenosine is involved in signaling pathways in the body, while adenylic acid is a precursor to ATP, a molecule used for energy transfer in cells.


Are nucleotides joined together by covalent bonding of bases?

No, nucleotides are joined together by the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar molecule of another nucleotide. The bases participate in hydrogen bonding interactions, not covalent bonding, within the DNA double helix structure.


In the polymerization of DNA a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the nucleotide being added and what of the nucleotide in the polymer?

The phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide joins the 3'-hydroxyl group of the last nucleotide in the growing DNA chain to form a phosphodiester bond.


How are the nucleotide monomers connected to form a polynucleotide?

The sugar pentose is connected to the nitrogenous base this is called a nucleotide. nucleotides are joined by phosphodiester linkages between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next.


What type of bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

A phosphodiester bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide when linking nucleotides to form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. This bond involves the condensation reaction between the hydroxyl group of the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the 5' carbon of the adjacent nucleotide.

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