In the days before quantum mechanics there was discussion whether light was a particle or wave. The problem was that neither one could explain all phenomena completely.
For example, the particle theory couldn't not account for interference patterns that can be made with light, but the wave theory could not account for the photo-electric effect. In this effect a photon (a light particle) deposits energy into a metal causing the metal to eject an electron. The puzzling thing was that increasing the intensity of the light did not increase the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons, only the amount of such ejected electrons.
The photo-electric effect was finally tackled by Albert Einstein (for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1921), and light is now regarded as consisting of 'wave-packets' with photons have a unintuitive wave-particle duality.
The photoelectric effect and the dual-wave particle theory.
1. photoelectric effect
2. dual-wave particle theory
wavelength and frequency
Globe theory
Experiments and repeatabilty
The idea that led to the atomic theory of matter, was John Dalton.
The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is made of particles whose speed is dependent on their mass and temperature. The kinetic theory states that particles in matter are always in motion.
Briefly, the scientific method essentially involves postulating a theory, and then that theory will either stand or fall on the evidence of future experiments.
Pressure(p)=6, diameter(d)=100
The answer to this question is dependent on what type of experiments were performed. All matter is made up of atoms, and they are very small.
A scientific theory is a structure which explains a set of empirical observations. Some well known theories: Newton's theories of motion: explained how objects moved in the universe. Einstein's general theory of relativity: explained how matter behaves in the universe. Darwin's theory of natural selection: explained why there is a huge number of related species and how new species arose.
Diffusion can be explained by the kinetic-molecular theory.
experiments test the scientist theory
The theory of Democritus and Leukippus was confirmed 2 400 years later; all the matter is...atoms. But note that the two Greek scientists created this theory intuitively, not after experiments.
Diffusion can be explained by the kinetic-molecular theory.
If all the evidence taken into consideration can be explained by the scientific model proposed and the model successfully predicts outcomes of experiments yet to be performed, it is a "good scientific theory" It still can be incorrect. If it is proven incorrect it should be abandoned.
experiments test the scientist theory
Scientific Theory is tested by observations and experiments predicted by the theory. If the observations confirm the theory the theory is validated if not the theory is not validated. Experiments themselves need validation, often there are errors in the experiments or observations, e.g Michaelson and Morley Aether experiment and red shift observations.
A level chemistry lessons involve a combination of practical based experiments as well as book based learning involving the theory and learning the background of the subject.
Newton explained his theory