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Are phosphates negatively charged and how does this property impact their role in biological processes?
Yes, phosphates are negatively charged. This property allows them to participate in important biological processes such as energy storage in ATP, DNA and RNA structure, and cell signaling. The negative charge of phosphates helps them interact with other molecules in cells, facilitating crucial functions for life.
How does Nigrosin work?
Nigrosin is a negatively charged acidic dye that is commonly used in staining techniques in microbiology and histology. It works by binding to positively charged structures in cells, such as nucleic acids, giving them a dark coloration which aids in visualization under a microscope.
Difference between basic and acidic stains?
Basic stains are positively charged and bind to negatively charged components in cells, resulting in a darker coloration of the cells. Acidic stains, on the other hand, are negatively charged and bind to positively charged components in cells. The choice between basic and acidic stains depends on the type of tissue being studied and the specific cellular components that need to be visualized.
What is a molecule that stores energy by linking negatively charged phosphate groups near each other?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that stores energy by linking negatively charged phosphate groups near each other. ATP is a high-energy molecule that functions as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.
Are basic dyes positively charged and how does this property affect their interaction with biological molecules?
Yes, basic dyes are positively charged. This property allows them to interact with biological molecules, which are often negatively charged, through electrostatic attractions. This interaction helps basic dyes to bind to and stain specific components of cells and tissues, aiding in their visualization under a microscope.
Why is the resting membrane potential negative in cells?
The resting membrane potential in cells is negative because of the unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane, particularly the higher concentration of negatively charged ions inside the cell compared to outside. This creates an electrical gradient that results in a negative charge inside the cell at rest.
Why are basic dyes more successful on bacteria than acidic dyes?
Basic dyes are positively charged and can easily bind to the negatively charged components of bacterial cells, such as the cell wall. This makes them more effective at staining bacteria. Acidic dyes, on the other hand, are negatively charged and repelled by the negatively charged bacterial cells, making them less successful for staining bacteria.
What is the inside charge of a nerve at its resting potentail?
The inside of a nerve cell is negatively charged at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts. This resting membrane potential is maintained by the differential distribution of ions across the cell membrane, with more sodium and calcium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside.
How does the inside of the resting neuron compare to the outside in terms of electrical charge and Na plus concentration?
The concentration of negatively charged proteins and positively charged potassium ions, K+, is greater inside the cell than outside. In contrast, the concentration of sodium ions, Na+, is greater outside the cell than inside. The concentrations of Na+ and K+ ions are partly due to the action of the sodium-potassium pump, which actively moves Na+ out of cells while moving K+ in.
How does potassium affect the resting membrane potential of the cardiac cell?
Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the resting membrane potential of cardiac cells. It helps establish the negative charge inside the cell by moving out of the cell through potassium channels. This outward movement of potassium ions contributes to the polarization of the cell membrane, creating a negative resting membrane potential.
What happens to excitability in hyperkalemia?
In hyperkalemia, the increased extracellular potassium levels lead to a decrease in the resting membrane potential of cells, making them more excitable. This can result in muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and potentially cardiac arrest.
Why doesn't a negative stain colorize the cells in the smear?
A negative stain will stain the background with an acidic dye, such as Nigrosin. This procedure is used to demonstrate capsules. This technique brings the specimen off of the background for more adequate viewing purposes.
In the absence of stimuli all cells in the body maintain a potential difference across the semipermeable membrane in which the inside of the cell is negatively charged in comparison to the outside?
This resting membrane potential is typically around -70mV in neurons, maintained by the unequal distribution of ions across the membrane. Sodium-potassium pumps actively transport ions to establish this potential difference. It is crucial for processes like signal propagation and cellular function in excitable cells.
Why does nigrosin not stain bacterial cells?
Nigrosin is an acidic stain composed of large molecules that are repelled by the negatively charged bacterial cell surface. Bacterial cells typically have a negative charge due to components like lipopolysaccharides in their cell walls, which repel the negatively charged nigrosin dye, preventing it from staining the cells.
What layer is responsible for for anchoring the disk to the bony epiphysis?
resting cells anchor it.
Why are living cells negatively charged inside?
Living cells are negatively charged inside primarily due to the presence of negatively charged molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids within the cell. These molecules carry a net negative charge, creating an overall negative charge within the cell. In addition, the cell membrane selectively allows certain ions to flow in and out of the cell, maintaining an electrical potential that contributes to the negative charge inside the cell.
What type of cells form heart tissues?
Cardiac cells make up cardiac tissue.These cells are only found in heart.
