The number of theoretical plates in a chromatography column is a measure of how "long" the column is - how well it separates. A "short" column will only separate large or heavy molecules, and the medium and light stuff is still mixed together in the last band. A "long" column will separate the little stuff better because there are more theorectical plates.
Picture a stack of sieves with smaller and smaller holes as the column gets "longer" and you've got the idea.
This "length" has virtually nothing to do with the physical length of the separating column. It is a function of the packing materials and solvents used during a separation.
There is no "limit" set by the USP, it depends on the molecules and what is reasonable. For example in HPLC, 2000 plates is typically what you would like to shoot for but if its a compound with low sensitivity and you need to see low levels you might inject more compound which would increase sensitivity but also probably affect peak shape and thus theoretical plates. The answer is it depends
TLC. The mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase is a solid. Useful for seperating and comparing mobility of solids and some liquids dissolved in the mobile phase by their affinities to the solid phase relative to the mobile phase. GLC. The mobile phase ia s gas, the stationary phase is a liquid on a solid support. same concept as TLC. useful for seperating gases by their affinities to the stationary phase...the mobility can then be compared to known compounds for possible identification.
There is quite a bit of missing information here.a. Lets assume your pressure is 1 atm.b. Lets also assume you are distilling methanol and water.c. Lets assume your theoretical plate efficiency is 100%d. Lets ALSO assume your initial concentration is 0.1 mol% methanol.Given these condition it takes about 1.25 theoretical plates to distill it to about 49 mol%.The number of plates depends heavily on the initial concentration.Working backwards from 49mol%, exactly one stage would place you at an initial concentration of about 8%. Exactly two would place you at about 1 mol%.See also the McCabe Thiele method: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCabe-Thiele_method
A TLC plate is more polar compared to other types of plates because it is made of a material that attracts polar molecules more strongly. This material has a higher affinity for polar substances, causing them to move more slowly on the plate during chromatography.
It is an appropriate technique to use because it separates the pigments, so one can see which pigments are present, even if some pigments are normally hidden to the naked eye.
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In liquid chromatography the 'theoretical plates' number is a measure of the resolution between the peaks of different eluting substances. The higher the plate value the greater the separation. This is particular important as the load reaches the maximum the column is designed for.
In the context of distillation and chromatography, the term "16" often refers to the empirical formula used to estimate the number of theoretical plates (N) in a column or separation process. This formula is derived from the relationship between the height of a theoretical plate (H) and the overall column height (L), expressed as ( N = \frac{L}{H} ). The number 16 is commonly associated with the simplified relationship N = (16)(\frac{L}{H}), indicating that the efficiency of a separation process can be linked to the design and operational parameters of the column.
It is around 4000-6000 plates for a 2 meter column.
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There is no "limit" set by the USP, it depends on the molecules and what is reasonable. For example in HPLC, 2000 plates is typically what you would like to shoot for but if its a compound with low sensitivity and you need to see low levels you might inject more compound which would increase sensitivity but also probably affect peak shape and thus theoretical plates. The answer is it depends
It is the efficiency of the column. The larger the number, the more theoretical plates the column possesses; a typical well-packed column with a 5-micrometer particle size porous packing in a 15cm x 46 mm column should provide10,000-20,000 plates. sorry. I forgot to put a point in there. It should be 4.5 mm, not 45
The reflux is the return of top product condensate from a distillation column back to the top of the column where it is able to flow down the column aiding with cooling and thus condensation in the column. It increases efficiency and enables a lower amount of theoretical plates to be used in the column.
Glass beads are used in a fractionating column to provide surface area for vapor-liquid contact and enhance the separation of components in a mixture. The beads help in achieving more efficient distillation by increasing the number of theoretical plates, which improves the separation efficiency of the column.
The height of a column used in fractional distillation is dependent on the number of theoretical plates needed to sufficiently separate a mixture divided by the height equivalent to theoretical plate HETP. Nt=H/HETP
Answer:The factors which affect the chromatography are:TemperaturePressureFlow rate of mobile phaseSample preparation
TLC. The mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase is a solid. Useful for seperating and comparing mobility of solids and some liquids dissolved in the mobile phase by their affinities to the solid phase relative to the mobile phase. GLC. The mobile phase ia s gas, the stationary phase is a liquid on a solid support. same concept as TLC. useful for seperating gases by their affinities to the stationary phase...the mobility can then be compared to known compounds for possible identification.