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There are many different types of transition curves but...

'Transition Curve', a simple tool used to understand the sorts of issues people might be facing during change

A track transition curve, transition spiral, or spiral easement, is a mathematically calculated Euler spiral fitted between a straight (also known as tangent) and a circular curve on a section of rail track or highway.

Website-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_transition_curve

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