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In highways, railways, or canals the curve are provided for smooth or gradual change in direction due the nature of terrain, cultural features, or other unavoidable reasons. In highway practice, it is recommended to provide curves deliberately on straight route to break the monotony in driving on long straight route to avoid accidents. The horizontal curve may be a simple circular curve or a compound curve. For a smooth transition between straight and a curve, a transition or easement curve is provided. The vertical curves are used to provide a smooth change in direction taking place in the vertical plane due to change of grade.

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