At present, after a long period in which the Labour government set its face against nuclear, they have now said that a number of new units should be built, in view of the declining North Sea gas production which means the UK will have to import liquefied natural gas. The gas cooled reactor design has been abandoned and new ones will be PWR (or possibly BWR). Only one PWR was built at Sizewell, and the teams that built this have dispersed mostly, with the breaking up of the CEGB (the previous nationalised generating body). The most likely outfit to build new PWR's is the French company EDF with their reactor supplier Areva. However their bid to purchase British Energy, which owns some of the likely sites, has not been finalised. This has government support and probably will go through though not certain. Other suppliers may also join in the bidding, so nothing is certain yet. Talk is of about 8 new units total.
Rs: 1800
Cement was first used in the UK in the early 19th century, with the development of Portland cement in the 1820s. Joseph Aspdin, a bricklayer from Leeds, patented Portland cement in 1824, which became the standard for modern cement. Its use rapidly increased in construction, significantly influencing building practices during the Industrial Revolution.
Cavity walls began to be widely used in the UK during the early 20th century, particularly after the introduction of building regulations in the 1920s. The practice became more common in the 1930s, as it provided better insulation and protection against moisture. This construction method became a standard in residential buildings, particularly after World War II, as demand for energy efficiency increased.
In the UK the rock material your referring to is known as Riprap or rock armour.
Hope Cement Works is located in Hope, Derbyshire, England. It is situated near the village of Hope in the Peak District National Park. The facility is one of the largest cement plants in the UK and plays a significant role in the local economy.
The first ever reactor was in 1942, but not power producing. The first electric power producing reactor was in the UK in 1956
If you mean Sunderland in the UK, this is Hartlepool, a twin reactor AGR plant
Mostly AGR (Advanced Gascooled Reactor) designs, with one PWR at Sizewell B
The first production of electrical power from a nuclear reactor was in the UK at Calder Hall, 1956. Shippingport in the US followed soon after
In the early days they were called piles, because they were piles of graphite bricks, as at Hanford in the US or Windscale in the UK
In the UK the government announced recently a programme of building new nuclear power stations. Interested suppliers are invited to submit plans for consideration. Building might start by 2011.
The first work on nuclear fusion was performed in 1933 by Ernest Rutherford. The first nuclear fusion "reactor" was built in 1947 by teams in the UK and USSR. To this day no nuclear fusion "reactor" has been able to produce more energy than had to be put into it to get the reaction started, despite many different experiments on many different designs.
Nuclear fission reactors come in various forms, though the principle of using the heat from a nuclear chain reaction is always the same. 1. Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR). 2. Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). 3. Magnox gas cooled reactor (no longer built) 4. Advanced gas cooled reactor (no longer built but still in use in UK). 5. Canadian heavy water reactor (Candu) 6. Russian design of Chernobyl type. I think this covers the most used types for power generation. There are others such as the gas cooled pebble bed reactor, and the fast breeder reactor, that are possible but designs have not been so successful and these have not been adopted commercially.
Dounreay PFR (Prototype Fast Reactor)
This is done in nuclear power plants, the heart of which is a nuclear reactor which produces heat from nuclear fission, this heat then produces steam and hence electricity in a similar way to a fossil fired plant. there are over 100 such reactors in the US, and others in Canada, UK, France, Russia, Japan, and other countries.
A reactor using graphite as the moderator. This has the advantage that natural non enriched uranium can be used. The first reactors built in the WW2 project to produce plutonium were graphite, these were at Hanford. The idea was taken up in the UK and in France and pressurized reactors using CO2 coolant were developed, though these are now all obsolete. The trouble with graphite is it has a limited lifespan in the reactor, gradually eroding and so losing mechanical integrity. It also is a possible fire hazard, as graphite is flammable at temperatures reachable during a nuclear accident (as evidenced by the Chernobyl accident), particularly in oxygen and hydrogen-rich environments found inside such sealed reactors. Nevertheless in the UK the advanced gas cooled reactor was developed which used enriched fuel and higher gas temperature. These were eventually made to work quite well, but turned out too expensive to build compared with the simpler PWR and BWR types which now predominate.
The UK has been nuclear for a very long time. It has lots of nuclear energy stations and lots of nuclear weapons.