Bit stuffing is the insertion of non information bits into the data bits.In high level data link control protocol(HDLC),it provides a means of synchronization.
High level Data link Control
In byte stuffing (or character stuffing), a special byte is added to the data section of the frame when there is a character with the same pattern as the flag. The data section is stuffed with an extra byte. This byte is usually called the escape character (ESC), which has a predefined bit pattern. Whenever the receiver encounters the ESC character, it removes it from the data section and treats the next character as data, not a delimiting flag.
In character stuffing tags are used to generate frames.These are the headers using which frames are generated.In this limit of information is moreCharacter Stuffing== Delimit with DLE STX or DLE ETX character flags ==== Insert 'DLE' before accidental 'DLE' in data ==== Remove stuffed character at destination ==
A program in c language to implement framing methods like character stuffing can be grave sizeCRC-32 and the variable c50.
Bit.
Yes, bit stuffing is needed for the control field in HDLC frames, similar to the address and Frame Check Sequence (FCS) fields. Bit stuffing is used to prevent the occurrence of specific bit patterns, such as the frame delimiter (0x7E), within the data fields, including the control field. By inserting a '0' after a sequence of five consecutive '1's, bit stuffing ensures that the frame remains distinguishable and can be correctly framed during transmission and reception.
in bit stuffing we use data in bits !! in byte stuffing we use char !! thus in byte stuffing first char and converted in binary form and then bit stuffing is applied on it
Bit destuffing is a process used in data communication where extra bits that were added during bit stuffing are removed to restore the original data stream. Bit stuffing is often employed to prevent misinterpretation of data frames, particularly when specific bit patterns, such as flags, need to be avoided in the payload. By identifying and removing these extra bits, the receiver can accurately reconstruct the intended message. This technique is commonly used in protocols like HDLC and other transmission systems.
Bit stuffing is one coding technique for preventing patterns from occurring in data. The code rate for bit stuffing is always less than the Shannon capacity.
3 bit stuffing is required
HDLC
HDLC
Bit stuffing is used for various purposes, such as for bringing bit streams that do not necessarily have the same or rationally related bit rates up to a common rate, or to fill buffers or frames. The location of the stuffing bits is communicated to the receiving end of the data link, where these extra bits are removed to return the bit streams to their original bit rates or form. Bit stuffing may be used to synchronize several channels before multiplexing or to rate-match two single channels to each other.
multiprotocol support
Differences between HDLC and PPP are(1) HDLC is cisco proprietary while PPP is an open standard.(2) HDLC does not provide authentication while PPP provides authentication like PAP and CHAP.(3) HDLC does not support compression while PPP support compression.(4) HDLC supports synchronous networks only while PPP supports both synchronous and asynchronous networks.
Bit stuffing and destuffing Zero-bit insertion and removal
HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) is considered superior to SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control) primarily due to its flexibility and efficiency in handling various types of data transfer modes, including point-to-point and multipoint configurations. HDLC supports both bit-oriented and byte-oriented operations, allowing for more efficient error detection and correction mechanisms. Additionally, HDLC's frame structure includes features like variable-length frames and improved control fields, which enhance its adaptability to different network conditions and requirements. Overall, these attributes make HDLC a more robust and versatile protocol for data communication.