Routers
Switches are generally considered layer 2 devices, but many are capable of operating at layers 3, 4 or higher. Most hubs are amplifying the electrical signal; therefore, they are really repeaters with several ports. Hubs and repeaters are Layer 1 (physical layer) devices.
The network layer or layer 3 is where you would expect to find routers or possibly layer 3 switches. The network layer is the point where different networks can converge. Routing tables held on layer 3 devices are the path out of the network. If you look at your ipconfig information with the /all switch you will see an address given for default gateway. This will point to the router that is aware of all other networks or sub networks you have access to. In the home this is usually the inside or private address of your DSL or cable modem. I understand some bridges operate at layer 3 as well. At layer 3 Ethernet frames are formed into packets in preparation for routing between networks or sub networks. Because the OSI layer is as implied open there are many examples of software and hardware that can operate at the network layer but router would be the best answer most of the time.
layer 3
A device that allows information to traverse different networks. Generally these are Layer 3 devices and a router is a perfect example of an internetworking device. A (basic) switch is NOT an internetworking device because information cannot be sent to a different network.
VSAT is a layer 2 device.
The whole point of the network layer, and layer 3 devices, is to move packets between separate networks. Layer 2 devices on the other hand (switches), only move frames using only the data link layer between hosts in that same network. Without layer 3 devices (routers or gateways), there could be no communication between separate interconnected groups of computers.
Yes. Most switches (which operate at layer 2) will NOT route packets between different subnets. However special layer 3 switches DO have this capability.
Switches are generally considered layer 2 devices, but many are capable of operating at layers 3, 4 or higher. Most hubs are amplifying the electrical signal; therefore, they are really repeaters with several ports. Hubs and repeaters are Layer 1 (physical layer) devices.
both are the common inter networking devices(functionally) but the layer 3 switch has the functionality of both switch and router, layer 3 switch are most commonly used in frame relay networks, layer 3 switches are also capable of inter vlan routing
layer 3 switches require ip address but hub do not require
1) Physical layer is the first layer. 2) The simplest ones operate at the physical layer are: Repeaters, conventional hubs and transceivers. 3)These devices have absolutely no knowledge of the contents of a message. They just take input bits and send them as output. Cheers, AceInfo Solutions.
1. Repeaters (Operate at the OSI Physical Layer).2. Bridges (Operate at the OSI Data Link Layer).3. Routers {and Brouters} (Operate at the OSI Network Layer).
All of the decisions needed to route a packet to a destination can be done with a layer 3 device (a router), or a layer 2 device (a switch) if you are on the same segment. There is really no need (from a pure functionality perspective) to ever unwrap a packet to that level until it is at the destination device. However there are plenty of reasons to unwrap packets do just this if we are looking at it from a security, or QOS perspective. So devices that will do things at layer 4 are going to be things like firewalls, proxies, network monitoring tools, packet shaping devices, and the actual destination device itself.
3
firewall, router,layer 3 switches and i approve that answer ! NO! In general the firewall is a layer 4 device, it traffics filter incoming and outgoing ports. It uses the function of TCP and UCP. However a Firewall can also be a layer 3 device as in internal firewall in a router. Also a switch is a layer 2 device unless your talking about a Router switch.
Nonroutable.
A router is the most efficient device at moving packets between similar network topologies. Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and are designed to determine the best path for packets to travel based on destination IP addresses. They use routing tables to make these decisions and can handle different types of network topologies, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and fiber optic networks, making them versatile and efficient for packet forwarding.