How is protection implemented in memory for multiprogramming?

Answer 1

In multiprogramming, memory protection is implemented using mechanisms such as segmentation and paging. These techniques ensure that each process operates within its own allocated memory space, preventing it from accessing or modifying the memory of other processes. The operating system uses a memory management unit (MMU) to translate logical addresses to physical addresses, enforcing access controls. Additionally, hardware features like privilege levels and access control bits enhance security by restricting operations based on the executing process's permissions.