congestion is Traffic in excess of network capacity. it occurs network layer and it is one of the function of network layer.
OSI stands for Open system interconnection model. Application layer is the seventh layer in OSI model.
The OSI layer responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections with the destination is the Session Layer, which is the fifth layer of the OSI model. It manages sessions between applications, ensuring that data exchange occurs smoothly and efficiently. This layer provides mechanisms for controlling the dialog and synchronization between communication parties.
physical layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Transport layer session layer Presentation layer Application layer
The layer of the OSI model provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems where routing occurs in the network layer. The layer of the OSI model provides network services to processes in electronic mail and file transfer programs is application.
Data link layer
Networking layer of the OSI model
Packet switching is considered part of layer 3 of the OSI model.Packet switching is considered part of layer 3 of the OSI model.Packet switching is considered part of layer 3 of the OSI model.Packet switching is considered part of layer 3 of the OSI model.
In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).In the OSI reference model, that would be layer 3 (network).
hub work at physical layer of osi model
The top layer of the OSI model; Application
1. Repeaters (Operate at the OSI Physical Layer).2. Bridges (Operate at the OSI Data Link Layer).3. Routers {and Brouters} (Operate at the OSI Network Layer).
TELNET