The amount of data that the transmission media is able to carry.
Transmission timing
The method that will be used for transmission
Information regarding the physical setup of the network
All answers are correct.
protocols
NDIS
Protocols
Connectionless Protocols: These protocols do not establish a connection between devices. As soon as a device has data to send to another, it just sends it. Answer:A Connectionless Protocol is a data communication method in which communication occurs between hosts with no previous setup. The device at one end of the communication transmits data to the other, without first ensuring that the recipient is available and ready to receive the data. The device sending a message simply sends it addressed to the intended recipient. The internet Protocol (IP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are connectionless protocols, but TCP/IP (the most common use of IP) is connection-oriented
There are many ways to communicate between networks. The rules for doing so are called protocols, and there are many known protocols. Some are historical in nature (meaning they have been around a long time) and some are newer ones developed in the last few years. Protocols describe how to communicate and when to communicate. They may be specific to a means of communication (i.e. web traffic, email traffic) or they may be more general (TCP/IP - covering many protocols). Deciding on which protocol to communicate with other networks is based on how the networks communicate currently and what kind of traffic will be transferred between the two. A protocol is designed so that there are common rules regarding communication, so certain protocols will be used to be common between networks. TCP/IP is an example of a very common, widely-used communication protocol.
Signaling protocols are sets of rules and procedures used to establish, maintain, and terminate communication sessions in networks. They facilitate the exchange of control messages between devices, enabling them to negotiate parameters, manage resources, and ensure reliable data transfer. Common examples include SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) for voice over IP and SS7 (Signaling System No. 7) for traditional telephony networks. These protocols are essential for managing call setup, signaling, and connection control in various communication systems.
Unless we have an ageement between the two communicating parties information may get lost or miscommunicated. This agreement is the protocol. Communications protocols usually have a number of parts e.g. Handshake, encoding method, compressions methods, packet / frame structure, addressing etc. Anyone can write a protocol, but in order for it to be useful, people (systems) must use it widely. This is why protocols are often defined by standards bodies, but some protocols e.g. SSL can be used widely even though they are not specifically from a standards body. In short - if we don't have a protcols we won't be able to communicate between different devices.
Communication protocols.
Replicated services can be implemented as process groups. Member processes use group communication protocols to communicate amongst themselves and group membership protocols to determine what processes are in the group. These protocols can provide various levels of consistency between members. The author investigates weak consistency protocols that guarantee that messages are delivered to all members, but do not guarantee when. He reports on a new family of communication protocols, an associated group membership mechanism, and current progress in evaluating their efficiency and utility for real applications.
Data communication protocols provide several advantages, including standardization, which ensures compatibility between different devices and systems. They facilitate efficient data transfer by defining rules for error detection and correction, enabling reliable communication. Additionally, protocols often incorporate security measures, protecting data integrity during transmission. Overall, they enhance interoperability and streamline communication processes across networks.
Communication protocols are the rules than govern use of different types of media.
The term is "data communication" or "network communication," which is the process of exchanging data between two or more devices. This can involve various methods such as wired or wireless transmissions, protocols, and communication standards.