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Ethernet primarily uses the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol for managing data transmission over the network. It operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and helps devices to detect collisions and manage access to the shared medium. Additionally, Ethernet frames encapsulate higher-level protocols such as internet Protocol (IP), allowing for communication over networks. Other protocols, like Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), are also used in conjunction with Ethernet to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses.

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