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Firstly, there are a few meanings for the word ballast, and they are used in different contexts.

In an electrical context:

Electrically, It adds resistance to limit the current. In a fluorescent light fitting, the ballast adds resistance. Once the lamp conducts, it presents a very low resistance to the circuit and would draw too much current. The ballast coil also has reactance and provides a back emf pulse, to enable the lamp to fire (conduct) when it is interrupted by the starter.

In an a shipping context:

Ballast is used in ships and submarines (both new and old) to provide stability to the vessel within the water. Normally the trim of a boat in the water will differ whether it carrying a cargo or not, if the ship is lighter and higher in the water it is more inclined to roll from side to side in heavy weather. In order to prevent this ballast tanks are used in ships, these are then filled with seawater in to make the ship heavier (lower) in the water and less prone to tilting. Before the ship takes on cargo the tanks are pumped out making the boat "ride" higher in the water. Earlier wooden vessels also used ballast, but would use stones, rock or bricks for this purpose.

In submarines, ballast tanks are flooded with water or purged using compressed air in order to maintain neutral buoyancy, or to allow the submarine to ascend or descend.

In hydraulics/ irrigation terms:

Ballast tanks (sometimes called buffer tanks) are used in irrigation and Plumbing systems to provide a buffer between supply and demand systems. A simple example of this is the water tank of your toilet. The system, when flushing requires a fairly substantial amount of water, the mains water supply of a typical house does not have this volume all at once, so the water is stored in a small ballast tank. When you press the flusher a larger volume of water that can normally be supplied by the house water supply is release - giving you a clean bowl.

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11y ago

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