Oregano, thyme, or parsley can be used as substitutes for basil leaves in a recipe.
Basil leaves can be used as a substitute for shiso leaves in a recipe.
Ground sassafras leaves can be used as a substitute for gumbo file in a recipe.
Kaffir lime zest or bay leaves can be used as substitutes for lime leaves in a recipe.
You can use coriander stems or cilantro leaves as a substitute for coriander root in a recipe.
Pickles or gherkins can be used as a substitute for cornichons in a recipe.
Green tomatoes can be used as a substitute for tomatillos in a recipe.
Gelatin can be used as a substitute for agar powder in a recipe.
Butter or margarine can be used as a substitute for shortening in a recipe.
Artichoke hearts can be used as a substitute for hearts of palm in a recipe.
Cremini or button mushrooms can be used as a substitute for chestnut mushrooms in a recipe.
Lemon juice or vinegar can be used as a substitute for tamarind puree in a recipe.
Parsley, cilantro, mint, or arugula can be used as substitutes for basil in pesto.