Margarine is made with oils and artificial ingredients, butter is made from cream, shortening is made from oils and sometimes animal fats.
Shortening is the fat or oil used in cooking. It can range from lard to olive oil, depending on the recipe.
Options include: Lard, Oils, Butter, Margarine, and in some cases, Mayonaise (breads and cakes only).
Because margarine is a fat as is the cooking oil.
It really depends on what you are cooking/baking, but often you can substitute a cup of butter for the shortening. Don't use margarine though, because it has some water content and would possibly affect the results. You could also try half butter and half lard, which should work well, also.
You can use butter, lard, cooking spray or stick margarine as a substitute. Depending on the recipe, you could also use either apple sauce or prune puree.
Not all shortening is oil, but all oil (consumable oil, that is) is shortening. Shortening is another word for fat used in cooking, especially baking. The most common shortenings are butter and margarine and, to a lesser degree, Crisco. Other oils can be used, too. (And some low-fat recipes substitute apple sauce or prune butter for traditional fat-based shortenings.)
Shortening is a type of fat, often made from vegetable oils, that is solid at room temperature and used primarily in baking to create a tender texture in pastries and cookies. Margarine, on the other hand, is a butter substitute made from a blend of vegetable oils, water, and sometimes dairy, designed to mimic the taste and texture of butter. While both can be used for similar purposes in cooking and baking, shortening has a higher fat content and no water, making it ideal for creating flaky pastries, whereas margarine contains some water, affecting its performance in certain recipes.
Nonhydrogenated vegetable shortening can be used as a substitute for butter or margarine in baking to create flaky pie crusts, tender cookies, and moist cakes. It can also be used for greasing pans, making flaky biscuits, and frying foods.
If you are baking, substitutions can make a big difference. Lets say your cookie recipe calls for butter and you use margarine or shortening, you will still have cookies but with butter they would be crispy, margarine and shortening soft, also they would taste different. If a recipe calls for oil, do not use margarine, it will not rise properly. Now if you cook something like soup, recipe calls for leeks, your out of it, use onions, no salt, use boullion granules, no flour to thicken a gravy, use instant potatoes or cornstarch, so in COOKING various recipes its ok to substitute, however when Baking its a little trickier and you best follow the recipe to the T .
Shortening is a solid fat that is used in baking and cooking to create flaky and tender textures. It has a high melting point, making it ideal for pie crusts and pastries. Shortening also helps to prevent gluten formation in dough, resulting in a more tender baked goods.
Whether you should substitute margarine for shortening depends on whether you are cooking or baking. Baking is far more precise than cooking, it requires far more precise ratios of protein, fat, liquid, leavening agents, etc. and such you have to be particularly careful about substitutions. Margarine has a far lower fat percentage (80%) than shortening (100%), so on that basis alone, its probably not a good idea to substitute one for the other when baking, not if you don't have much of an understanding of the baking process and a willingness to experiment and adjust a recipe repeatedly until you get the optimal results. With cooking, its not so critical, you can easily substitute one kind of fat for another, without fearing the potential results.
Some vegan alternatives to traditional lard in cooking and baking include coconut oil, vegetable shortening, and plant-based margarine. These options can be used in similar ways to lard in recipes to achieve similar results.