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Australia processes applications from those seeking to claim asylum and when an application is made via the correct and legal channels the process is fair but not an easy one to negotiate. Those refused are deported. Those who arrive in Australia illegally - such as by boats from Indonesia - are placed in detention centres which will no longer be located in Australia, but in Nauru and Papua New Guinea. From October 2012, those who attempt to arrive on Australian shores illegally to claim asylum will be sent to Nauru and Papua New Guinea following recent legislation that was passed by parliament as of August 2012.

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Where was the first penal colony?

The first penal colony was in New South Wales, Australia, established in 1788 by the British as a place to exile convicts. It was located in Port Jackson, which is present-day Sydney.


What is average IQ of prisoners in Australia?

There is no specific data available regarding the average IQ of prisoners in Australia. The IQ levels of prisoners vary depending on factors such as education, socio-economic background, and individual circumstances.


Which colony was mostly inhabited by convicts?

It was the first European colony in Australia, at Sydney in 1988. The English established the colony in order to relocate the convicts from the overcrowded prisons in England. In spite of their heritage, many of the Australians of today are honest people. The convicts were not the first settlers: the original Australians had already been there for maybe 50,000 years.


Why was James Ruse the convict transported to Australia?

James Ruse was transported to Australia as a convict in 1788 for stealing items in England. He was one of the first convicts to be transported to help establish the new British colony in New South Wales. Ruse later became a successful farmer and is regarded as Australia's first settler to grow a successful crop of wheat.


What happened to the convicts when their sentence was over in Australia?

A sentence for a convict sent to Australia could be many years in length. Because of reasons such as good behaviour, some convicts were given a "ticket of leave". These individuals were still watched however, as some convicts had a tendency to reoffend. They were required to report in regularly to the authorities. While on their ticket-of-leave, they were permitted to work for a living in a trade. After a further period of good behaviour, these convicts were given a "free pardon", meaning they could start their own trade, business, or take up land which may have been allocated to them and use it for farming or crops. Some even became Constables for the colony (for example John Smith). Some of Australia's convicts became great pioneers in their field. Francis Greenway, for example, had trained as an architect prior to his sentence, and his work can be seen in some of the old, gracious buildings still standing in Sydney today. George Howe had a background in printing; he published Australia's first regular newspaper. Convicts rarely, if ever, returned to England, as Australia held much better opportunities for them.

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