Constantinople
The Siege of Antioch took place during the First Crusade in 1097 and 1098 under the first crusade.
The Crusaders attacked Jerusalem during the First Crusade in 1099 with the goal of reclaiming the city from Muslim control. They saw it as a holy mission to recapture the city where Jesus had lived and died. The capture of Jerusalem was a key objective in the Crusader's efforts to secure Christian control over important religious sites in the region.
Muslims captured Edessa in 1144, which was a significant event leading to the Second Crusade. The defeat of the Crusaders at Damascus occurred in July 1148 during this same crusade, when the Muslim forces, led by Nur ad-Din, successfully repelled the siege by the Crusader army. These events marked crucial turning points in the struggle between Crusaders and Muslim forces in the region.
The Muslims recaptured Jerusalem during the Third Crusade, which took place from 1189 to 1192. The city had fallen to the Crusaders in 1099 during the First Crusade. The key figure in the recapture was the Muslim leader Saladin, who successfully took back the city in 1187, prompting the Third Crusade led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart. Despite this, the Crusaders were unable to reclaim Jerusalem during their campaign.
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Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb
It was during the Second Crusade in 1144.
Jerusalem
Because they disobeyed his orders to not attack fellow Christians in Constantinople. The fourth Crusade was supposed to be an attack on Jerusalem to liberate it from Muslim occupation. Once the Crusaders turned towards Constantinople, it no longer was a just military operation.