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"Castas" refers to the hierarchical social classifications in colonial Latin America, particularly during the Spanish colonial period. These categories were based on a person's ancestry, primarily distinguishing between people of Spanish descent, Indigenous peoples, and Africans, along with various mixed-race groups such as mestizos (mixed Indigenous and Spanish) and mulattos (mixed African and Spanish). The castas system reflected and reinforced social, economic, and political inequalities in colonial society.

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