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Does insulin mobilize liver glycogen to yield glucose?
No, insulin stimulates the liver to produce glycogen from glucose. Glucagon mobilizes liver glycogen to yield glucose.
What does the cleavage of glycogen phosphorylase release?
The cleavage of glycogen phosphorylase releases glucose-1-phosphate by breaking the glycosidic bond within glycogen. This glucose-1-phosphate can then be further processed to yield free glucose for energy production.
What does glucose oxidation not yield?
oxidation of glucose, is the breakdown of glucose in ATP through four main process 1) glycolysis 2) preparation of pyruvic acid 3) citric acid cycle and 4) oxidative phosphorylation
What is the ATP yield when glucose is substrate vs glycogen?
When glucose is metabolized, it yields a net of 30-32 ATP molecules through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, glycogen, which is a polymer of glucose, can yield approximately 33-36 ATP molecules due to the fact that its breakdown bypasses one ATP investment step in glycolysis. This difference arises because glycogen is converted to glucose-1-phosphate, which is then converted to glucose-6-phosphate, allowing for a more efficient ATP production. Overall, glycogen metabolism provides a higher ATP yield compared to free glucose.
How do animals store carbohydrates?
Living organisms have two major ways to store energy. They use molecules such as, glycogen and triglycerides, to store energy in the form of covalent chemical bonds. Lipids also store energy in living organisms.
What is the energy yield of respiration?
The energy yield of respiration is approximately 36-38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. This process occurs in the form of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, the main source of energy for cells.
Calculate the energy yield of aerobic cellular respiration per glucose molecule?
38
What type of organic compound provides the best energy storage?
Carbohydrates function in short-term energy storage (such as sugar) and as intermediate-term energy storage (starch for plants and glycogen for animals). Fats and oils function in long-term energy storage. Fats yield 9.3 Kcal/gm, while carbohydrates yield 3.79 Kcal/gm. Fats thus store six times as much energy as glycogen.
What enzyme regulates glycogenolysis?
Actually, three are the enzymes that intervene during glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis).First, Glycogen phosphorylase (or simply phosphorylase) that catalyzes glycogen phosphorolysis (bond cleavage by the substitution of a phosphate group) to yield glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) releasing only one glucose residue that is at least five residues from a ramification point.The second enzyme is the Glycogen debranching enzymethat removes glycogen's branches, thereby permiting the glycogen phosphorylase reaction (see above) to go to completion. This enzymes also hydrolyzes alpha(1-6)-linked glucosyl units to yield glucose.Finally, Phosphoglucomutase that converts G1P to G6P which is also formed in the first step of glycolysis through the action of either hexokinase or glucokinase.
A gram of fatty acid can yield how many more times the energy as one gram of glucose?
2
Can glucose fats and proteins be respired to yield ATP?
Yes, glucose, fats, and proteins can be respired to yield ATP through cellular respiration. Glucose is the primary source of ATP, while fats and proteins can also be broken down and converted into ATP through different metabolic pathways such as beta-oxidation for fats and gluconeogenesis for proteins.
What is the actual yield number of ATP?
The actual yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration is 30-32 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. This range accounts for the fact that the efficiency of ATP production can vary depending on cellular conditions.
