Reabsorption (p. 1007)
Gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, and released into the blood to maintain adequate blood glucose levels.
The overall process that refines the filtrate and returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is known as reabsorption. This process occurs in the renal tubules of the kidney, where valuable substances such as glucose, ions, and water are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream to maintain the body's balance.
This process is known as glycogenolysis, where stored glycogen in the liver is broken down into glucose and released into the blood to maintain blood glucose levels.
The Lymphatic System .
No, muscle cells do not release glucose into the blood. Instead, they take up glucose from the blood to use as fuel for energy production during muscle contraction. Glucose release into the blood is primarily regulated by the liver through a process called gluconeogenesis.
The liver is the main organ in portal circulation. It receives blood from the digestive organs through the portal vein, allowing it to process nutrients, detoxify harmful substances, and regulate glucose levels before the blood returns to the heart.
Glucose moves into red blood cells through facilitated diffusion. In this process, glucose passes through specific membrane transport proteins called glucose transporters, such as GLUT1, which allow glucose to move down its concentration gradient and into the cell.
Glucose meters process a blood sample usually taken by a small lancet pricking the skin of a finger. The blood is oxidated by glucose oxidaze and the resulting gluconulactone are counted.
Glucose is stored in the body in the form of glycogen, which is a complex carbohydrate. The liver and muscles are the main storage sites for glycogen. When blood glucose levels are high, insulin signals the liver and muscles to take up glucose and convert it into glycogen through a process called glycogenesis. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon signals the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis to maintain blood sugar levels.
Red blood cell glucose can be oxidized to products such as carbon dioxide and water through the process of cellular respiration.
Glucagon is a hormone that helps to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. This process is known as glycogenolysis, where glycogen stored in the liver is broken down into glucose to increase blood sugar levels.
The blood returns to the heart through veins.