The effective range should be the pKa +/- 1. Therefore, the range should be 1.15 to 3.15.
See the Web Links to the left of this answer.I especially like the Smith.edu link -- it has complete and very useful description of how to prepare a buffer.Use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation:pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]where HA is the protonated form of the weak acid, A- is the salt (dissociated acid, or in other words, its conjugate base), and the pKa is the strength of the acid.What this says is that the pH that you want your buffer to be depends on two things:-- the pKa of the weak acid you are using (see reference tables under the Web Links to the left)-- and the RATIO of the concentration of the acid and the salt that you add to the solution.The pH of the buffer does not depend on the actual concentration of the buffer, but on the ratio of the two parts.The buffer capacity depends on two things -- how close to the pKa the pH of the buffer actually is (it should be within 1-2 pH units), and what the total concentration of the buffer is.For instance if you have 0.001 M acetic acid and 0.001 M sodium acetate, the resulting buffer will have the exact same pH as a buffer made with 0.1 M acetic acid and 0.1 M sodium acetate (because the ratio is 1 to 1, the pH = pKa = 4.76). However, the 0.1 M buffer will have a much larger buffer capacity, and will much better resist changes in pH upon the addition of a strong acid or base.
Copper phosphate has the chemical symbol Cu3(PO4)2 and is a salt of copper that is created when phosphoric acid is added. The color of this substance can range from blue to green.
Here is a link to the make up of buffers from 1 to 13 . Scroll down for the pH 13 range, http://delloyd.50megs.com/moreinfo/buffers2.html ph 13 buffer needs to use Sodium Hydroxide. You can only get to pH 10 with Ammonia. Ammonia is only a 'weak' base to get to pH 13 you need a 'strong ' base ,strong bases are the Hydroxide's of Sodium, Potassium or other alkaline metals. Here is a link that explains the concept of weak and strong base's http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)
range of services includingkits ang fermentation and molecular fermentation
In industry use, sodium phosphates refer to a range of dofferent chemicals. There aren't any particular risks associated with them, and most are GRAS by the FDA. In large doses (like the sort you might find in some oral sodium phosphate laxatives), which may cause phosphate nephropathy - kidney damage from phosphate crystals forming in the kidneys. But then, eating a fistful of table salt can seriously harm your GI tract - you're just not going to find that amount in your food. One of the more common additives is sodium triphosphate. It's, again, not all that dangerous. Not short-term, at least, and it's added in small amounts. It's role in the food industry is as a preservative and to retain moisture. It's use is only typically limited in seafood, as its hygroscopic properties may exaggerate the weight of the seafood. Your biggest concern should be your sodium intake, which goes far beyond table salt. Even if something doesn't taste salty, you might still be consuming a load of sodium from various additives. I personally try to avoid preservatives in food for that reason, and not some misguided fear of poison.
Phosphate ions are used as a buffer because there are three protonated forms (H3PO4, H2PO4-, and HPO42-) that have pKa in the correct range. The pKa for the three listed forms of phosphate are 2, 7 and 12 respectively.See the Related Questions and Web Links for more information.
Jst keep the solution in the pH range 6 to 7 with a phosphate buffer..... Thanks, Bidya Sekhar
It works to maintain the pH of the media in an acceptable range by acting as a buffer. see related link
Na3PO4 is the anhydrous form - and is the official sodium phosphate. However many chemists use the term to decribe a range of compounds. See the wikipedia article
The pH range for carbonate-bicarbonate buffer is 9,2.
See the Web Links to the left of this answer.I especially like the Smith.edu link -- it has complete and very useful description of how to prepare a buffer.Use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation:pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]where HA is the protonated form of the weak acid, A- is the salt (dissociated acid, or in other words, its conjugate base), and the pKa is the strength of the acid.What this says is that the pH that you want your buffer to be depends on two things:-- the pKa of the weak acid you are using (see reference tables under the Web Links to the left)-- and the RATIO of the concentration of the acid and the salt that you add to the solution.The pH of the buffer does not depend on the actual concentration of the buffer, but on the ratio of the two parts.The buffer capacity depends on two things -- how close to the pKa the pH of the buffer actually is (it should be within 1-2 pH units), and what the total concentration of the buffer is.For instance if you have 0.001 M acetic acid and 0.001 M sodium acetate, the resulting buffer will have the exact same pH as a buffer made with 0.1 M acetic acid and 0.1 M sodium acetate (because the ratio is 1 to 1, the pH = pKa = 4.76). However, the 0.1 M buffer will have a much larger buffer capacity, and will much better resist changes in pH upon the addition of a strong acid or base.
A buffer. just got the answer correct on a bio exam
Not exactly sure what the question is asking, but sodium acetate will not buffer at pH 8. It is an ok buffer in the pH range of maybe 3-5 or so. Acetic acid is the weak acid of this buffer with a pKa near 10^-5. To make a decent buffer at pH 8, one needs a weak base, or a weak acid with a pKa closer to 8.
Yes, this buffer works in the range 8-10 pH.
Glycine is a useful buffer anywhere from 8.6 to 10.6 range. By utilizing Glycine stock agents in the buffer, it's entirely possible to create 21 different PH levels.
The buffer capacity increases as the concentration of the buffer solution increases and is a maximum when the pH is equal to the same value as the pKa of the weak acid in the buffer. A buffer solution is a good buffer in the pH range that is + or - 1 pH unit of the pKa. Beyond that, buffering capacity is minimal.
The mixture Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 is a buffer in the range 9,2-10,8 pH.