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Fill a beaker with water, and weigh it.

Weigh a sample of the mineral. That's the mass of the mineral.

Put the sample in the beaker and weigh that.

The weight of the water-filled beaker plus the weight of the mineral sample will be greater than the weight of the beaker with mineral sample and water. The difference is the weight of the displaced water, in grams.

The volume of the mineral sample, in cubic centimeters is equal to the weight of the displaced water, in grams.

Calculate the specific gravity of the mineral by dividing the weight of the mineral sample by the volume of the mineral sample.

Example: your beaker weighs 40 grams. Filled with water, it's 1040 grams. The sample of mineral weighs 160 grams. The beaker with the sample of mineral and water weighs 1179.7 grams.

The mineral, and the beaker with water would have a combined weight of 1200 grams, but the beaker with mineral and water weighs 20.3 grams less than that, so the mineral sample is displacing 20.3 cubic centimeters of water.

Given a mass of 160 grams and a volume of 2.03 CC, the specific gravity would be found by dividing 160 by 20.3. It's 7.85. (Which happens to be the specific gravity of some iron.)

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Q: How do you get the specific gravity of a mineral?
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The density and specific gravity of a mineral is caused by the arrangement of atoms in the crystalline structure and the elements of which the mineral is composed.


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