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The chlorine atom is in group 17 of the Periodic Table of elements, so it has 10 inner electrons and 7 outer "valence" electrons. In forming the chloride ion, it becomes negatively charged by gaining an additional electron in the outer shell, so the valence electron shell now has 8 electrons, as per the octet rule.

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Q: How does the octet rule explain the formation of a chloride ion?
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