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Call the unknown mass m. Then, from the problem statement, m/(400 + m) = 12.5 % = 0.125. Applying standard algebra techniques, multiply both sides of this equation by (400 + m) to result in m = 0.125(400 + m); m(1 - 0.125) = 400 X 0.125; 0.875m = 50; m = 57.1 grams, to the justified number of significant digits.

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Q: How many grams of calcium nitrate needs to be added to 400g of water to make a solution that is 12.5 percent by mass of calcium nitrate?
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