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It has to do with the number of electrons in the outer shell. Lithium, a group I element, has only 1 electron in its outer shell, and only delocalizes one electron in the metallic lattice (the solid form).

Beryllium, a group II element, has 2 electrons in its outer shell, and delocalizes two electrons in the metallic lattice, which increases the attraction between the delocalized electrons and the metal ions.

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Q: The melting point of beryllium is 1287 C while that of lithium is 180 C what is the large difference in the values?
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How many of each type should combine lithium and chlorine?

Go to the periodic table and look at the oxidation states for lithium and for chlorine. You will notice that there is only one value for lithium, and several values for chlorine. Therefore, the oxidation state for lithium is going to determine the answer for "how many chlorines." Now look at chlorine. Since the oxidation state for lithium is a positive value, which of the oxidation states for the chlorine would be applicable (remember lithium chloride is an ionic bond)? Identify the appropriate oxidation state for chlorine, and adjust accordingly.


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the difference between the electronegativity values of sodium and bromine is 1.9 , which is relatively high in general , high differences suggest ionic bonds.


How does the melting point of elements vary across thegroups?

Melting point trends on the periodic table can be understood in a crude way using the following rule of thumb: The stronger the forces that act between molecules of a substance, the higher the melting point tends to be.The trends are very complex because many different factors influence the forces between atoms (or molecules) in an element. Notice that for each period beyond the first, the melting point rises to a maximum somewhere around the middle of the period and then falls off to a minimum value at the end of the period.The melting points of the first period elements are extremely low, because forces between H2 molecules and between helium atoms are exceptionally weak.In the second period, there is a gradual transition from relatively weak metallic bonding in lithium to strong network covalent bonding in carbon. Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine also form strong covalent bonds but they can't form networks of bonds the way carbon does. Atoms of these elements pair up to form diatomic molecules. While the attractive forces within atoms in the diatomic gas molecules is strong, the forces between molecules is very weak. That causes the sharp dropoff in melting point after carbon in the second period.The trend is repeated in a more subdued way in the third period. There is a jump in melting point from aluminum to silicon where bonding changes from primarily metallic to more covalent. P and S are better able to link into chains and rings than their second period counterparts, and have much higher melting points than N2 and O2. In the fourth period, the rise and fall of melting points across the period is even more muted. Note the discontinuity going from gallium (Ga) to germanium (Ge) at the metal/metalloid border.


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Related questions

What happens to the ionic radius values of the cations(-) as you move across period 2?

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Lithium is a silvery-white metal but will become kind of yellowish in moist air. Reported values for its melting point vary from 178 to 186C ... 180C is a good number to work with. YES, you can cut it with scissors providing they are reasonably sturdy and, you're not trying to chomp through a 1/2 inch sheet.


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What is the difference electronegativity values of sodium and bromine?

The difference electronegativity values of sodium and bromine are; Sodium(Na) 0.9, Bromine(Br) 2.8 thus a difference of 1.9.


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