heat loss to the surroundings if you using the simple 'insulated cup' method. Insufficient stirring, so that not all the solid is dissolved is another. A 'chemical' source of error is that the anyhydrous salt, which forms one half of the experiment, may not be completely anhydrous and will also absorb water from the air if left exposed for any length of time.
The colour depends on the degree of hydration, but it is most often green.
Ferrous or iron(II) compounds can easily be oxidised to ferric or iron(III) compounds, when exposed to air. So iron(II) sulphate which is stored for some time will have iron(III) sulphate present.
The elements in copper sulphate are copper, sulphur and oxygen. Copper sulphate is a compound, made up of three elements. The symbol for this compound is CuS04.
penta = 5 copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate = CuSO4*5 H2O CuSO4*5 H2O + heat --> CuSO4 + 5 H2O
hydroxic sulphate
The standard enthalpy for sodium sulphate is -1387kJ/mol.
The colour depends on the degree of hydration, but it is most often green.
removing water
Firstly, what do you mean by "lower"? Do you mean less exothermic? If that is what you mean, then one possible reason is that your anhydrous copper sulphate was not truly anhydrous, and that is highly likely. Did it look a bit blue? If so then it had absorbed some water from the air and therefore you did not weigh out as many moles of it as you had thought - hence less heat was released in your experiment.
George Walton has written: '1. The nature of the variable hydration of precipitated barium sulfate. 2. The contamination of precipitated barium sulfate by univalent cations ..' -- subject(s): Barium sulphate, Precipitation (Chemistry), Cations, Hydration
by colourimetry
Probably a very dilute solution of copper sulphate act as a desinfecting agent; but the copper sulphate is toxic. It is more sure to avoid this experiment.
Ferrous or iron(II) compounds can easily be oxidised to ferric or iron(III) compounds, when exposed to air. So iron(II) sulphate which is stored for some time will have iron(III) sulphate present.
Latent heat of fusion (or enthalpy of fusion) is a characteristic of a substance, rather than a chemical bond. If you mean enthalpy of reaction then the lowest absolute values are for the bonds in H2, F2, and Cl2 as gases, which are zero. One low (and negative) value is for cuprous sulphate. Please see the link.
Sulphate resisting cement:Low C3A ContentLow C4AF contentCa(OH)2 + SO2 ---> CaSO3 + H2OIn the above equation water is evolved, so hydration process is continuous in SRC
The elements in copper sulphate are copper, sulphur and oxygen. Copper sulphate is a compound, made up of three elements. The symbol for this compound is CuS04.
Because this kind of reaction is usually not spontaneous. Heating maybe required to provide the required activation energy. Heating on the other hand would introduce heat change and thus a higher temperature change to the system. As a result the actual temperature change caused by the reaction is hard to measure.