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The MJO is a coupling between atmospheric circulation and deep tropical convection which tends to have a period of variability of 1-3 months. It is characterized by tropical convection propogating eastward, starting in the Indian ocean and moving through the Pacific Ocean. It is linked to other modes of low frequency variability such as ENSO, but is not necessarily causal. Its impacts include primarily rainfall anomalies in parts of the Eastern tropics, and more subtle effects on moisture and energy getting into the mid- and high latitudes.

It is displayed using a Hovmöller diagram.

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Q: What is the Madden Julian oscillation?
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