It's necessary to remove 540 calories from a gram of water in order to freeze it. That's about 2260 joules. The amount of energy used by a freezer to do this depends on the efficiency of the freezer.
a change from liquid to solid or solid to liquid will require the use of the formula of Heat of Fusion , q=mHf where m is the mass and Hf = 334J/g, this is standard so you wont have to look for how it came about.In this case the m=5.00g so: q = m Hf q=(5.00g)(334 J/g) , you notice the grams will cancel out. q = 1670 J.
The average temperature gradient in the Earth's crust is approximately 25-30 degrees Celsius per kilometer of depth. Therefore, the total temperature change between 1000 m and 4000 m in depth would be around 75-120 degrees Celsius.
The temperature decreases by about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer in the troposphere, so the total temperature change between 3 km and 7 km above the Earth's surface would be approximately 26 degrees Celsius.
Energy is actually given off in the lowering of temperature. Use the equation Q = mc(change in T). In this case, m = 2.9, c = 4.179 J, and change in T = -12.1 degree C. Now solve for Q, the heat energy. This exothermic process gives off approximately 146.6 J of heat.
Water has a specific heat of 1 calorie per gram per degree. This means that in order to raise 28.4 grams of water by 1 degree Celsius, it takes 28.4 calories. At an increase of 44.6 degrees Celsius, this equates to 1,266.64 calories of heat.
When 1 gram of liquid water at 0 degrees Celsius freezes to form ice, it releases 334 Joules of heat.
Approx 4974 Joules.
To bring the ice block to 0 degrees Celsius, you would need 150,000 Joules (Q = mcΔT). To melt the ice at 0 degrees Celsius, you would need 3,375,000 Joules (Q = mLf). Heating the water from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius would require 1,500,000 Joules (Q = mcΔT). Turning the water to steam at 100 degrees Celsius would need 10,500,000 Joules (Q = mLv). Finally, heating the steam to 120 degrees Celsius would require 600,000 Joules (Q = mcΔT). In total, you would need 15,125,000 Joules of heat energy.
To heat 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius, it takes 4.18 joules. So, to heat water from, for example, 20 degrees to 100 degrees, you would need to calculate the total mass of water and apply the specific heat capacity to determine the total energy required.
The temperature varies from one liquid to another. Every element has a different freezing point and boiling point. You can calculate both for a molecule by using a formula that takes into consideration the different elements that make up the molecule in comparision to percentage that element is of the total mass of the molecule
1387 degrees celsius.
100 degrees Celsius
a change from liquid to solid or solid to liquid will require the use of the formula of Heat of Fusion , q=mHf where m is the mass and Hf = 334J/g, this is standard so you wont have to look for how it came about.In this case the m=5.00g so: q = m Hf q=(5.00g)(334 J/g) , you notice the grams will cancel out. q = 1670 J.
539 calories per gram for heat of vaporization plus 1 cal/gram/degree C 100 degrees C - 80 degrees C = 20 degrees C (539 calories + 20 calories) X 50 kg X 1000 gm/kg = 27950000 cal = 27,950 kcal
To convert 12.5 grams of ice at 0 degrees Celsius to steam at 100 degrees Celsius, you would need to provide heat energy for three main processes: heating the ice from 0 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius, melting the ice into water at 0 degrees Celsius, and then heating the water from 0 degrees Celsius to steam at 100 degrees Celsius. The total calorie requirement would be determined by the specific heat capacities and heat of fusion and vaporization of water.
The average temperature gradient in the Earth's crust is approximately 25-30 degrees Celsius per kilometer of depth. Therefore, the total temperature change between 1000 m and 4000 m in depth would be around 75-120 degrees Celsius.
To convert 4 kg of ice at 0 degrees Celsius to steam at 100 degrees Celsius, you would need to calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of ice to 0 degrees Celsius, melt the ice to water at 0 degrees Celsius, raise the temperature of water to 100 degrees Celsius, and then convert water to steam at 100 degrees Celsius. The total amount of heat needed can be calculated using the specific heat capacities and latent heats of fusion and vaporization of water.