Disruptive Selection
speciation
Life on Earth likely began around 3.5 to 4 billion years ago through a process called abiogenesis, where simple organic molecules combined to form more complex molecules such as amino acids and nucleotides. These molecules eventually evolved into self-replicating entities (likely RNA) that gave rise to the first living cells. Over time, these cells diversified and evolved into the vast array of life forms we see today through the processes of natural selection and genetic mutation.
Oxygen is least likely to form an ion because it has a high electronegativity and tends to gain electrons rather than lose them, making it less likely to form a positive ion (cation).
Dew is less likely to form in arid environments with low humidity levels, as the air is drier and can hold less moisture. Additionally, dew is less likely to form in windy environments, as the movement of air can prevent the cooling needed for dew to condense.
Krypton is the noble gas most likely to form a compound with fluorine, typically by reacting to form krypton difluoride (KrF2).
The process by which new species form is called speciation. Speciation occurs when populations of a species become reproductively isolated and diverge over time, leading to the evolution of distinct species. This can happen through mechanisms such as geographic isolation, genetic drift, and natural selection.
Natural selection is what causes adaptation.
Natural selection leads to changes in a population over time as individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring. If these changes accumulate and lead to reproductive isolation between populations, new species can form through a process called speciation. This can occur through geographical isolation, reproductive isolation, or genetic mutations that create barriers to interbreeding.
The most common way new species form is through a process called allopatric speciation, where populations of a single species become geographically isolated from each other. This isolation prevents gene flow, allowing each population to evolve independently due to natural selection, genetic drift, and mutations. Over time, these evolutionary changes can accumulate to the point where the populations become distinct species. Other mechanisms, such as sympatric speciation, can also occur, but allopatric speciation is the most widely observed.
Speciation
This is called, sexual selection.
This form of behavior most likely evolved through natural selection because it provided a survival or reproductive advantage to individuals exhibiting it. Traits that enhance an individual's ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes are more likely to be selected for over generations.
After a group becomes separated from the main population, they may form a new species through a process called speciation. Over time, genetic mutations and natural selection can lead to differences in traits and behaviors that eventually result in the group evolving into a distinct species that is reproductively isolated from the original population.
Species (phylogenetically and genetically distinct animals from a common ancestor) form when barriers exist to prevent outbreeding. These are usually environmental (e.g. mountain ranges, oceans, climatic barriers) or biological (e.g. interbreeding of two species results in an infertile offspring).
Disruptive selection on a graph typically appears as a bimodal distribution, where two distinct peaks represent extreme phenotypes, while the intermediate phenotypes are less common or absent. This pattern indicates that individuals at both extremes of a trait are favored by natural selection, leading to a divergence in the population. The graph may show a U-shaped curve, with low frequencies of intermediate traits and higher frequencies of traits at both ends. This form of selection can promote speciation by encouraging the development of distinct traits within a population.
Non-random mating is otherwise known as sexual selection. Some see this as distinct from natural selection, but I think that sexual selection is merely a form of, or perhaps more a complication of natural selection. Selection, natural or sexual, is the effect that "guides" evolution, that allows evolution to produce populations suited to their environment.
One great example of natural selection would be turtles. Most turtles have a smooth shell all the way, without many big bumps, but some turtles in a remote location were discovered to have a hump in their shells right where the turtle's neck was. Why did this happen? This was due to natural selection. You see, the turtles that had a hump in their shell could reach much higher to get food, so they would be more likely to survive in a famine than normal turtles. The basic concept of evolution by natural selection is survival of the fittest.